平均轨道要素及其在卫星星座设计中的应用

平均轨道要素在卫星轨道设计及星座仿真中具有非常重要的作用。在综合国内外现有研究成果的基础上，给出了一整套简单实用、没有奇点的密切要素与平均要素间的相互转化方法，用此法进行的星座设计及仿真工作表明该方法非常有用。同时给出了利用平均轨道要素得以的关于赤道平面圆轨道的一个有意义的结论。     

Orbital stability of planar oscillations of a satellite in a circular orbit

We consider the attitude motion of a satellite with a circular orbit in a central Newtonian gravitational field. The satellite is a solid body whose mass geometry is that of a plate. A nonlinear analysis is made of orbital stability of planar oscillations of the satellite at which its middle or major axis of inertia is perpendicular to the orbit plane. At small amplitudes of oscillations the analysis of stability was made analytically, while for arbitrary amplitudes the numerical analysis was performed.     

Feasibility analysis of LEO and GEO large space debris de/re-orbiting taking into account launch mass of spacecraft-collector and its configuration layout

Analysis of the efficiency of two basic strategies for de/re-orbiting large space debris objects to disposal orbits (DO) is given. Large objects in LEO are classified into groups with similar orbital inclinations and comprise primarily last stages of launch vehicles, in GEO vicinity the paper studies upper stages. Under the first de/re-orbiting variant, it is assumed a spacecraft-collector is equipped with several thruster de/re-orbiting kits (TDKs); one of them can be fixed on an object and is capable of de/re-orbiting an object to a DO independently of the collector. In the second variant, a collector operates as a space tug: transfers objects to a DO and then returns to the next objects in line. The authors study possible configuration layouts of collectors in LEO and near GEO. The available analogous projects are analyzed. The efficiency of both de/re-orbiting variants can be properly compared using the estimations of collector's dry mass and having at one's disposal the parameters of the maneuvers required for transfers between all objects in the group. As reasonable criteria of effectiveness, one can consider (separately or jointly) the launch mass of an equipped collector, its ΔV budget, and the required number of such active spacecraft. Two de/re-orbiting variants are compared in terms of these criteria via mass-energy diagrams constructed for each group of objects in both altitude regions. Analysis of these diagrams shows that low Earth orbits can be more efficiently cleaned under the first de-orbiting variant by using a two-stage space system consisting of an active spacecraft carrying TDKs. For GEO, it is expedient to choose the second re-orbiting variant using a single-stage spacecraft. Our analysis shows that LEO cleaning is an order of magnitude more expensive than that for GEO, hence the problem of LEO population should be given increased attention.     

主观极性义构式“X得不能再X”特征分析

极性义构式"X得不能再X"是汉语中一种常见的构式,X的语义一般具有伸缩性。X多为形容词(A),其意义为"A的程度达到了极致",该意义也是"X得不能再X"构式的原型意义。X还可以为动词(V),X为动词时,该构式的意义为"V的程度达到极致"或"V导致的结果的程度达到极致"。"X得不能再Y"是该类构式的特殊表现形式, X和Y一般为形容词或动词,其语义一般具有伸缩性。"A得不能再A""V得不能再V"以及"X得不能再Y"处于构式网络之中,是"X得不能再X"的下级图式性构式。     

一种非合作目标模型快速测量方法

服务航天器跟踪、接近和捕获目标时,需要快速获取目标卫星局部模块的精密3D轮廓。文章研究了一种基于结构光的单目测量系统,能够同时满足三维测量速度快、精度高等需求。提出了一种黑白DeBruijn序列编码方法,使用单张相机图片就可以完成重建,采用黑白条纹,增强了对空间反射的抗干扰能力。相比较于双目测量方法,该方法认为投影装置模型和相机模型一致,省去了图像匹配步骤,有效减少了计算时间;采用迭代的方法对点云进行重建,不需要预先进行畸变校正。以卫星模型为目标,使用高速相机进行了重建试验,试验结果表明采用这种方法进行重建时,采集图像时间短,深度信息误差为0.0583mm,速度和精度都能满足非合作目标的三维测量要求。     

Observations of the auroral hectometric radio emission onboard the <Emphasis Type="Italic">INTERBALL-1</Emphasis> satellite

The results of five-year (1995–2000) continuous observations of the auroral radio emission (ARE) in the hectometric wavelength range on the high-apogee INTERBALL-1 satellite are presented. Short intense bursts of the auroral hectometric radio emission (AHR) were observed at frequencies of 1463 and 1501 kHz. The bursts were observed predominantly at times when the terrestrial magnetosphere was undisturbed (in the quiet Sun period), and their number decreased rapidly with increasing solar activity. The bursts demonstrated seasonal dependence in the Northern and Southern hemispheres (dominating in the autumn-winter period). Their appearance probably depends on the observation time (UT). A qualitative explanation of the AHR peculiarities is given.     

Observations of electromagnetic emissions inside the Earth’s plasmasphere from the <Emphasis Type="Italic">Interball-1</Emphasis> satellite

The spectrum analyzer AKR-X onboard the Interball-1 satellite at the beginning (August–October 1995) and at the end (August–October 2000) of satellite operation in perigees of its orbital motion recorded and analyzed electromagnetic emissions of the inner regions of the Earth’s plasmasphere in the frequency band 100–1500 kHz at distances of 1.1–1.8 R _E. The observations have shown that the electromagnetic modes (the Z and LO modes escaping the magnetosphere) which are formed at the altitudes 600–4000 km are associated with the subauroral nonthermal continuum and with the recently discovered kilometric continuum. There are noticeable differences in the spectral character of these emissions during the minimum (1996) and maximum (2000) solar activity, when, as a rule, the LO mode escaping the plasmaphere and the continua are not present.