Study of highly perturbed spacecraft formation dynamics via approximation

This paper explores methods for approximating and analyzing the dynamics of highly perturbed spacecraft formations with an emphasis on computationally efficient approaches. This facilitates on-board computation or rapid preliminary mission design analysis. Perturbed formation dynamics are often approximated as linear time-varying (LTV) systems, for which Floquet theory can be used to analyze the degree of system instability. Furthermore, the angular momentum of the relative orbital state can be computed with the approximate dynamics to provide additional insight. A general methodology is developed first and then applied to the problem of unstable formation dynamics in asteroid orbits. Here the dominant perturbative effects due to low-order gravitational harmonics and solar radiation pressure are modeled. Numerical simulations validate the approach and illustrate the approximation accuracy achieved.     

Fully distributed time-varying formation tracking control for multiple quadrotor vehicles via finite-time convergent extended state observer

This paper investigates a time-varying anti-disturbance formation problem for a group of quadrotor aircrafts with time-varying uncertainties and a directed interaction topology. A novel Finite-Time Convergent Extended State Observer (FTCESO) based fully-distributed formation control scheme is proposed to enhance the disturbance rejection and the formation tracking performances for networked quadrotors. By adopting the hierarchical control strategy, the multi-quadrotor system is separated into two subsystems: the outer-loop cooperative subsystem and the inner-loop attitude subsystem. In the outer-loop subsystem, with the estimation of disturbing forces and uncertain dynamics from FTCESOs, an adaptive consensus theory based cooperative controller is exploited to ensure the multiple quadrotors form and maintain a time-varying pattern relying only on the positions of the neighboring aircrafts. In the inner-loop subsystem, the desired attitude generated by the cooperative control law is stably tracked under a FTCESO-based attitude controller in a finite time. Based on a detailed algorithm to specify the cooperative control protocol, the feasibility condition to achieve the time-varying anti-disturbance formation tracking is derived and the rigorous analysis of the whole closed-loop multi-quadrotor system is given. Some numerical examples are conducted to intuitively demonstrate the effectiveness and the improvements of the proposed control framework.     

Public Attitudes Towards Space Science

Astronomy and space science, including their associated basic research activities, enjoy broad popular backing. People generally support them, and say that they follow their results with interest. This article summarizes some of the detailed results of public surveys in the United States, focusing on popular opinions and attitudes, and the somewhat paradoxical finding that despite being interested and supportive, people are often ignorant about the basic facts. I explore some of the reasons for the popularity of space science, and suggest ways of justifying space science research in the broader context of science research. I argue that vigorous and innovative education and outreach programs are important, and can be made even more effective. This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

略论海峡两岸科技术语的对照和统一

为减少和消除海峡两岸科技文化交流上的词汇障碍，各学科广泛开展着科技术语的调查研究、交流和讨论。当前做法为两步走，首先是分析两岸用词上相同和差异的词目，共同编订对照本，共建对照和约定；然后逐步地通过对存在差异的个例进行选优汰劣和具体的商榷，过渡到更多的协调和一致。     

求解含多个右端向量非对称线性方程组的自适应块拟最小残量IOM(q)算法

许多实际应用问题需要求解含多个右端向量的大型非对称线性方程组 ,通常是把原来方程组分成单独几个含一个右端向量的方程组 ,再用某种迭代法分别单个求解 ,而更加经济有效的方法是应用能同时产生几个迭代向量的块迭代法来直接求解。本文在 IOM(q)算法的基础上 ,提出一种求解此类方程组的块拟最小残量 IOM(q)算法 ,讨论了如何收缩掉已收敛的部分方程组以及如何从产生的块 Krylov序列中删除线性相关或几乎线性相关向量的自适应技术。数值试验表明 ,此新的自适应块算法比块 GMRES算法及其他相关算法具有更好的收敛行为、更少的计算量和 CPU计算时间 ,是求解此类方程组的一种更加经济有效的算法。     

美国科技文献资源体系建设及启示

介绍了美国联邦政府和国家航空般天局（NASA）科技文献信息资源体系建设，科技信息纲领的内涵、宗旨、任务、目标，实施科技信息纲领的工作程序、组织管理机构，科技信息产品和服务，以及美国国家技术信息服务中心（NTIS）和航空航天科技信息中心（CASI）的运作情况，论述了美国科技文献信息资源在推动科技进步中的作用，并在研究分析的基础上给出了结论。     

Scientific Planning and Commanding of the Rosetta Payload

ESA’s Rosetta mission was launched in March 2004 and is on its way to comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko, where it is scheduled to arrive in summer 2014. It comprises a payload of 12 scientific instruments and a Lander. All instruments are provided by Principal Investigators, which are responsible for their operations. As for most ESA science missions, the ground segment of the mission consists of a Mission Operations Centre (MOC) and a Science Operations Centre (SOC). While the MOC is responsible for all spacecraft-related aspects and the final uplink of all command timelines to the spacecraft, the scientific operations of the instruments and the collection of the data and ingestion into the Planetary Science Archive are coordinated by the SOC. This paper focuses on the tasks of the SOC and in particular on the methodology and constraints to convert the scientific goals of the Rosetta mission to operational timelines.     

区域极点及方差约束下的航天器拦截控制：静态输出反馈情形

本文提出并讨论了具有选通窗约束的航天器拦截控制问题，指出航天器拦截控制的稳暂态性能指标可表现为系统稳态状态方差及闭环区域极点的形式。然后，基于配置控制的思想，本文完整地给出了期望静态反馈控制器的存在条件及其解析表达式，并举例说明所提设计方法的直接性与有效性     

多重直扩信号的快速捕获

多重直扩信号的快速捕获得卫星定位及通信系统研制过程中遇到的一个主要课题，它的实现，不仅可以提高系统的多址能力，而且也是系统实现的必备条件，本文阐明了多重直扩信号的来源以及可被分离的理论依据，给出了多重直扩信号快速捕获的硬件实现方案及部分实验结果，得出了一些重要结论。     

GDBMS中图形数据的表示与存贮

GDBMS是作者设计并实现的一个实验性的工程图形数据库管理系统。它基于扩充关系数据模型,成功地完成了对工程图形数据的描述。 本文从图形的数据库表示出发,对几何实体的建模方法进行了分析,介绍了GDBMS中的图形数据模型及其实现方法。该数据模型吸取图元枚举法(PI方法),结构实体几何表示法(CSG法)和边界表示法(BR方法)的优点,在进行交互式图形编辑以及图形显示时,采用CSG结构,在数据库的存贮和处理时,采用扩充的BR方法。