基于阻力气动特性计算的飞艇艇身外形研究

采用SIMPLE算法、S-A湍流模型求解了三维不可压雷诺平均N-S方程,数值模拟了绕飞艇的低速不可压粘性流动,计算了不同艇身外形的阻力特性.本文方法计算结果与实验结果或其他文献的计算结果符合良好,可以用于飞艇的气动特性计算.通过对6个不同外形的相同体积飞艇阻力特性计算,得到了最佳艇身外形,表明本文方法可以用于艇身外形的选型设计.     

A Possible Transfer Mechanism for the 11-Year Solar Cycle to the Lower Stratosphere

Observational evidence of the 11-year solar cycle (SC) modulation of stratosphere temperatures and winds from the ERA-40 dataset is reviewed, with emphasis on the Northern winter hemisphere. A frequency modulation of sudden warming events is noted, with warmings occurring earlier in solar minimum periods than in solar maximum periods. The observed interaction between the influence of the SC and the quasi biennial oscillation (QBO) on the frequency of sudden warmings is noted as a possible clue for understanding their mechanism of influence. A possible transfer route for the 11-year solar cycle from the equatorial stratopause region to the lowest part of the stratosphere is proposed, via an influence on sudden warming events and the associated induced meridional circulation. SC and QBO composites of zonal wind anomalies show anomalous wind distributions in the subtropical upper stratosphere in early winter. Mechanistic model experiments are reviewed that demonstrate a sensitivity of sudden warmings to small wind anomalies in this region. Various diagnostics from these experiments are shown, including EP fluxes and their divergence and also the synoptic evolution of the polar vortex, in order to understand the mechanism of the influence. Some recent GCM experiments to investigate the SC/QBO interaction are also described. They simulate reasonably well the observed SC/QBO interaction of sudden warming events and appear to support the hypothesis that tropical/subtropical upper stratospheric wind anomalies are an important influence on the timing of sudden warmings.     

A general calculation method to specify center-of-buoyancy for the stratospheric airship with multiple gas cells

As the lighter-than-air (LTA) flight vehicle, the stratospheric airship is a desirable platform to provide communication and surveillance services. During the ascent from sea-level to the mission altitude, the volume of the lifting gas may change significantly, which will result in the change of the center-of-buoyancy (CB). A general calculation method is developed to specify CB for the stratospheric airship with a double-ellipsoid hull and an arbitrary number of the gas cells. The cross-section-integral (CSI) method is used as a basic calculation scenario to specify CB. Considering the complexity in determining the boundary between the helium and air in the gas cell, a searching algorithm is put forward and the specification of CB can be conducted by the iterative calculation. As an important application, the stable condition of the pitch angle is analyzed when the change of CB is involved. Under different initial configurations, the stable pitch angle of the stratospheric airship during the ascent is specified and compared, which shows the advantages of the multi-gas-cell configuration. The results of this paper may provide an important reference for the engineering application of the stratospheric airship.     

平流层浮空器的热特性与研究现状

研究平流层浮空器热状况的形成机制与特性是进行热控制设计和研究热控制技术的前提,对平流层浮空器技术的发展具有重要作用。在分析平流层对流与辐射热环境特性的基础上,运用传热学基本原理分析了浮空器热状况的复杂形成机制与影响因素。评述了浮空器热特性及其控制技术的研究现状,介绍了相关研究方法、热模型与主要结果,分析了平流层浮空器热特性研究得出的基本认识与存在的问题,指出了应进一步开展的研究方向。     

多类异构对地观测平台协同任务规划方法

目前,不同类型的对地观测平台之间缺乏有效的协同交互机制。这种孤立的资源管控模式难以应对多样且大量的对地观测需求。特别是在一些紧急情况下,如地震、武装冲突、洪涝灾害和森林火灾等,这种模式的弊端尤为突出。研究了多类异构观测资源,包括卫星、飞艇及无人机(UAV)的协同规划问题。首先,提出一种基于多Agent的分层协同规划框架,整合不同观测资源构成一个分布式和松耦合的对地观测系统。其次,将异构对地观测平台的协同规划问题转化为不同子规划中心间的任务分配问题。第三,针对该任务分配问题,提出一种结合禁忌列表模拟退火(SA-TL)算法,在该算法中融合了禁忌表策略,有效提高了算法的性能。仿真实验验证了多Agent协同框架的优越性和SA-TL算法的效率。     

平流层浮空器保压指标对驻空性能的影响

地面保压试验是综合评估囊体材料性能的重要手段,其设计指标将影响平流层浮空器总体驻空高度与时间的变化范围。以球形超压平流层浮空器为例,建立了驻空高度运动学模型、热力学模型及基于微孔损伤的氦气渗透模型,综合考虑驻空过程中力、热耦合引起的浮空器内部氦气压力、温度和质量等的实时变化,以囊体材料微孔当量直径为桥梁建立了平流层浮空器地面保压指标与驻空高度、驻空时间的耦合关系,通过定量分析不同保压指标下浮空器驻空性能的变化情况,提取影响规律,为保压指标的合理设计提供总体参考。     

高空飞艇螺旋桨优化设计与气动性能车载试验

结合某高空飞艇螺旋桨的总体设计方案要求,完成螺旋桨的优化设计以及气动性能车载试验.采用叶素动量理论作为螺旋桨气动性能的计算方法,并通过风洞试验验证了该方法的可靠性.结合遗传算法对螺旋桨的弦长和扭转角进行了优化,使螺旋桨更加高效轻质,优化后螺旋桨设计点的气动效率增加了2.3%.建立螺旋桨车载试验测控系统,可以改变试验海拔高度和大气参数,得到优化设计螺旋桨不同工况的气动性能.试验结果表明,相同转速和来流条件下,海拔越高,螺旋桨的推力和扭矩越小.海拔为3-6km时,全尺寸高空飞艇螺旋桨计算推力和扭矩与试验结果的平均相对误差分别为2.8%和9.2%,两者基本吻合,从而验证了高空飞艇螺旋桨车载试验的准确性.      

基于压差梯度的平流层飞艇艇囊应力计算和仿真

平流层飞艇体积庞大,艇囊表面曲率小,因而蒙皮材料的局部应力集中极易导致飞艇艇囊蒙皮发生过大变形而迅速超压损伤破坏.基于飞艇艇囊内外压力压差梯度载荷条件,建立飞艇艇囊蒙皮受内外压差真实工况下环向与轴向应力的理论计算模型,构建飞艇蒙皮应力分析的Von Mises强度准则.并采用ABAQUS有限元软件非线性仿真艇囊蒙皮分别在超压300,500,800 Pa载荷下的各点环向的Von Mises应力状况.仿真结果与理论模型计算的应力值基本保持一致,飞艇艇囊蒙皮环向Von Mises应力呈现随压差梯度增大而递增的规律,而轴向Von Mises应力大小由环向Von Mises应力、蒙皮局部经纬向曲率共同决定,且两方向的Von Mises应力均与超压载荷大小成正相关关系,为飞艇艇囊蒙皮超压应力评估和强度计算提供基础性研究.     

基于大涡模拟的平流层浮空器气动特性分析

为研究不同球体间距对“球形囊体型”平流层浮空器(SLV)气动特性的影响,采用有限体格式、结构网格和大涡模拟(LES)计算方法求解不可压缩的Navier-Stokes(N-S)方程,对超临界雷诺数“球形囊体型”平流层浮空器绕流进行数值模拟,并对不同球体间距下的数值计算结果进行详细的分析比较.通过对比试验数据,单球体数值模拟的阻力系数时均值与Achenbach的试验数据一致,验证了计算方法分析超临界雷诺数球体绕流问题的准确性.研究不同间距的双球体阻力变化规律以及振动频谱特性,随上下游球体间距G的增加,合阻力先增大后减小,上游球体的阻力占优振动频率逐渐减小;G=1.5D(D为球体直径)和G=2D时,上下游球体有相同的占优振动频率.随间距G的增加,两球体相互作用与上游球体对下游球体的尾涡结构影响逐渐减弱.      

平流层飞艇的结构健康监测系统初探

文章从介绍平流层飞艇的结构健康监测定义入手,说明了该系统研究的作用和意义以及工作原理。在分析平流层飞艇运行环境和结构可能的损伤模式的基础上,从工程应用角度出发,对结构健康监测系统方案展开了研究,探讨了平流层飞艇结构健康监测系统中的一些关键因素,为今后结构健康监测系统设计提供参考。