Rats in a transparent morris water maze use elemental and configural geometry of landmarks as well as distance to the pool wall

The aim of this study is to evaluate whatare the dimensions of a panorama of discretelandmarks that a rodent will store in order toreturn to a previously visited target. Ratswere trained to locate a hidden platform in acircular pool of clouded water set within aquasi-spherical enclosure. In order to find theplatform, they had to learn the geometricrelations between the platform and asurrounding set of three discrete landmarks,highly visible through the transparent wall ofthe pool. In test trials without a platform,the array of landmarks was so manipulated as todissociate the effect of actual distance to thelandmarks, of their angular separation, and oftheir apparent dimension. Animals were shown torely equally on angular separation and apparentdimension. The role of actual distance couldnot be definitely ascertained, as animals wereshown to additionally rely on the distance tothe pool wall in order to locate theplatform.     

Function,geometry and spatial prepositions: Three experiments

In this paper the results of three experiments are reported whichaddress the issue of the relative extent to which functionalrelations versus geometric relations affect spatial language. Theexperiments examine the role of a discourse context on the useand rating of the preposition in to describe a visual scenewhere the constraint of spatial containment between figure(object located) and ground (reference object) does not hold. Allthree experiments demonstrate that in is used more andrated to be significantly more appropriate in a functionalcontext than in a no context condition. The implications of thesestudies for spatial language and spatial representation arediscussed.     

Representing a stable environment by egocentric updating and invariant representations

To represent a stable environment despite the experience of changes during self movements, one can either develop an invariant allocentric representation, or update the egocentric representations as one moves. Using a disorientation paradigm, three sets of studies investigated these mechanisms in human navigation and scene recognition. Accuracy in the configuration of multiple object localization is impaired by disorientation, an effect not due to artifacts such as memory deterioration over time, intervening physical activities, uncertainty in self position and orientation, etc., suggesting one can locate objects primarily by updating their egocentric positions as she or he moves. Disorientation also impaired the judgment of changes to a scene after viewer movements, suggesting a similar egocentric updating process. On the contrary, representation of the shape of the surroundings is invariant and persists through disorientation. The coexistence of multiple mechanisms may increase the flexibility and robustness of the system.     

自适应DBF与空间谱估计

讨论了自适应数字波束形成(DBF)技术和超分辨空间谱估计技术,并提出了一种基于信号协方差矩阵特征分解的时-空二维信号高分辨谱估计算法。以上技术应用于相控阵雷达系统,可以精确获得多个运动目标的方位信息和多普勒信息。文章最后给出了计算机模拟结果。     

数字化技术在叶轮研制中的应用

本文通过分析归纳建立了一种叶轮数字化建模方法，并利用该方法成功实现了某型叶轮三维模型创建，同时也根据该数字化模型实现了模具数字化设计及其数控加工。     

Modeling visuospatial reasoning

I apply my proposed modification of Soar/Spatial/Visual System and Kosslyn’s (1983) computational operations on images to problems within a 2 × 2 taxonomy that classifies research according to whether the coding involves static or dynamic relations within an object or between objects (Newcombe & Shipley, 2015). I then repeat this analysis for problems that are included in mathematics and science curricula. Because many of these problems involve reasoning from diagrams Hegarty’s (2011) framework for reasoning from visual-spatial displays provides additional support for organizing this topic. Two more relevant frameworks specify reasoning at different levels of abstraction (Reed, 2016) and with different combinations of actions and objects (Reed, 2018). The article concludes with suggestions for future directions.     

大跨度空间结构典型形体风压分布风洞试验研究现状

随着科学技术的发展和施工工艺的进步,各种外形美观、结构新颖的大跨度空间结构得到了广泛的应用。这类结构往往对风荷载十分敏感,其屋面几何形状对表面风压分布有着重大影响。不同形式的屋面,表面风压分布有很大区别;即使屋面整体形式相同,但由于其矢跨比(f/D)、长跨比(L/D)等几何参数的不同,也会使屋面风压分布发生较大变化。对此,目前尚无详细规范可依。本文回顾了几类典型空间结构的风洞试验,总结了这几类结构的屋面几何形状与风压分布之间的变化规律,为大跨空间结构风压分布规律确定及气动优化设计研究提供参考。     

航空新型静电传感器建模与标定实验

静电传感器是一种用于航空发动机润滑油路中磨粒在线监测的新型传感器,为了对静电传感器的特性进行研究,改进了静电传感器的数学模型,设计了静电传感器标定装置。标定装置通过高压电场使油滴荷电,可以产生电量和极性可调的带电油滴,并可通过静电计准确测量产生的油滴电量。通过对数学模型的分析,以及标定实验的实验研究,确定了传感器的空间灵敏度分布;发现并验证了定速带电油滴沿着传感器固定径向位置移动时,静电传感器输出电压的峰值与施感电荷呈线性关系;通过标定实验获得了传感器的标定曲线,并进一步定量确定了传感器静态灵敏度在径向位置上的分布,标定实验也同时验证了数学模型的正确性。