桥函数理论的研究进展

叙述了从研究沃尔什函数的复制理论和方块脉冲函数移位方法出发，推出桥函数的构造过程，桥函数把工程中常用的沃尔什函数和方块脉冲函数这两种似乎不相关的函数联系了起来，本文详细地给出了四种桥函数的构造过程和它们的波形。     

Sleep and cognitive function of crewmembers and mission controllers working 24-h shifts during a simulated 105-day spaceflight mission

The success of long-duration space missions depends on the ability of crewmembers and mission support specialists to be alert and maintain high levels of cognitive function while operating complex, technical equipment. We examined sleep, nocturnal melatonin levels and cognitive function of crewmembers and the sleep and cognitive function of mission controllers who participated in a high-fidelity 105-day simulated spaceflight mission at the Institute of Biomedical Problems (Moscow). Crewmembers were required to perform daily mission duties and work one 24-h extended duration work shift every sixth day. Mission controllers nominally worked 24-h extended duration shifts. Supplemental lighting was provided to crewmembers and mission controllers. Participants' sleep was estimated by wrist-actigraphy recordings. Overall, results show that crewmembers and mission controllers obtained inadequate sleep and exhibited impaired cognitive function, despite countermeasure use, while working extended duration shifts. Crewmembers averaged 7.04±0.92 h (mean±SD) and 6.94±1.08 h (mean±SD) in the two workdays prior to the extended duration shifts, 1.88±0.40 h (mean±SD) during the 24-h work shift, and then slept 10.18±0.96 h (mean±SD) the day after the night shift. Although supplemental light was provided, crewmembers’ average nocturnal melatonin levels remained elevated during extended 24-h work shifts. Naps and caffeine use were reported by crewmembers during ∼86% and 45% of extended night work shifts, respectively. Even with reported use of wake-promoting countermeasures, significant impairments in cognitive function were observed. Mission controllers slept 5.63±0.95 h (mean±SD) the night prior to their extended duration work shift. On an average, 89% of night shifts included naps with mission controllers sleeping an average of 3.4±1.0 h (mean±SD) during the 24-h extended duration work shift. Mission controllers also showed impaired cognitive function during extended duration work shifts.These findings indicate that extended duration work shifts present a significant challenge to crewmembers and mission support specialists during long-duration space mission operations. Future research is needed to evaluate the efficacy of alternative work schedules and the development and implementation of more effective countermeasures will be required to maintain high levels of performance.     

一种基于FFT的高动态扩频信号的快速捕获方法

在近地轨道 (LEO)航天器通信中 ,航天器的高动态使扩频信号存在多达几十kHz甚至上百kHz的多普勒频移。对于存在如此之大的多普勒频移的扩频信号 ,采用传统的捕获方法 ,整个捕获过程非常困难 ,捕获时间很长。文中提出一种应用于存在较大多普勒频移的环境中、利用FFT谱分析进行伪码捕获的方法 ,并对其捕获性能进行分析。结果表明 ,与传统相关检测方法相比 ,采用基于FFT的捕获方法能减少捕获时间 ,并节省硬件资源