Fully distributed time-varying formation tracking control for multiple quadrotor vehicles via finite-time convergent extended state observer

This paper investigates a time-varying anti-disturbance formation problem for a group of quadrotor aircrafts with time-varying uncertainties and a directed interaction topology. A novel Finite-Time Convergent Extended State Observer (FTCESO) based fully-distributed formation control scheme is proposed to enhance the disturbance rejection and the formation tracking performances for networked quadrotors. By adopting the hierarchical control strategy, the multi-quadrotor system is separated into two subsystems: the outer-loop cooperative subsystem and the inner-loop attitude subsystem. In the outer-loop subsystem, with the estimation of disturbing forces and uncertain dynamics from FTCESOs, an adaptive consensus theory based cooperative controller is exploited to ensure the multiple quadrotors form and maintain a time-varying pattern relying only on the positions of the neighboring aircrafts. In the inner-loop subsystem, the desired attitude generated by the cooperative control law is stably tracked under a FTCESO-based attitude controller in a finite time. Based on a detailed algorithm to specify the cooperative control protocol, the feasibility condition to achieve the time-varying anti-disturbance formation tracking is derived and the rigorous analysis of the whole closed-loop multi-quadrotor system is given. Some numerical examples are conducted to intuitively demonstrate the effectiveness and the improvements of the proposed control framework.     

热处理作业系统中安全性评价的AHP方法

本给出了系统安全性评价的AHP方法，叙述了该方法的基本步骤，并以沈阳某集团公司热处理弹簧厂评价的实例说明了该方法的有效性。     

Aiming at a 1-cm Orbit for Low Earth Orbiters: Reduced-Dynamic and Kinematic Precise Orbit Determination

The computation of high-accuracy orbits is a prerequisite for the success of Low Earth Orbiter (LEO) missions such as CHAMP, GRACE and GOCE. The mission objectives of these satellites cannot be reached without computing orbits with an accuracy at the few cm level. Such a level of accuracy might be achieved with the techniques of reduced-dynamic and kinematic precise orbit determination (POD) assuming continuous Satellite-to-Satellite Tracking (SST) by the Global Positioning System (GPS). Both techniques have reached a high level of maturity and have been successfully applied to missions in the past, for example to TOPEX/POSEIDON (T/P), leading to (sub-)decimeter orbit accuracy. New LEO gravity missions are (to be) equipped with advanced GPS receivers promising to provide very high quality SST observations thereby opening the possibility for computing cm-level accuracy orbits. The computation of orbits at this accuracy level does not only require high-quality GPS receivers, but also advanced and demanding observation preprocessing and correction algorithms. Moreover, sophisticated parameter estimation schemes need to be adapted and extended to allow the computation of such orbits. Finally, reliable methods need to be employed for assessing the orbit quality and providing feedback to the different processing steps in the orbit computation process. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

测定钡含量的快速方法

本文研究了测定钡盐中钡含量的快速方法。该法是基于被测的钡离子与过量的铬酸钠标准溶液反应形成铬酸钡沉淀，剩余的铬酸根离子以溴甲酚绿-甲基红为混合指示剂，用盐酸标准溶液滴定，而间接测定钡的量。该法操作简便、快速，可应用于多种钡盐中钡的测定。     

适用于含多个隐式极限状态方程的飞机结构系统安全分析新方法

工程复杂随机结构的概率安全分析中，最重要的两个步骤是建立所有失效模式的极限状态方程和计算所建立极限状态方程的失效概率。一般来说大型复杂工程结构的极限状态方程都是隐式的，且当材料参数、结构参数和外载荷等均为随机变量时，极限状态方程均为非线性的，为此文中提出了建立真实复杂结构多模式隐式极限方程的等效方法。该方法对于单个极限状态方程采用在均值点展开成线性项和高次项修正的方式，在概率等效的基础上，建立起原非线性隐式极限状态方程的概率等效线性显式极限状态方程。当结构系统所有极限状态方程都建立了其等效显式线性极限状态方程后，即可利用可得的可靠性分析方法来计算结构系统的等效失效概率。所提方法被用于真实飞机结构翼身连接接头的强度刚度多模式可靠性分析，与迭代响应面法计算结果的对比表明，所提方法具有较高的精度。并且所提方法可以与任何标准有限元程序相结合，而标准有限元程序是当今处理结构力学分析与设计的强有力的工具，文中方法提供了力学分析与概率安全分析相结合的合理连接，其应用前景将是十分广泛的。     

星光折射航天器自主定轨方案比较

当星光透射大气发生折射时 ,用星光折射角精确地反映星光在大气中离地球表面的高度 ,并建立高度、航天器与地球的几何关系。通过对折射角进行观测 ,间接测得地平 ,从而改善了用地平仪直接测地平所造成的航天器自主导航精度低的不足。本文提出了几种利用星光折射的航天器自主定轨方案 ,并作了细致的仿真实验 ,对直接和间接两种测量地平方法以及几种星光折射自主定轨方案进行了分析比较。     

非线性条件下编队卫星周期性相对运动条件

利用编队卫星机械能守恒原理，提出了非线性条件下求解编队卫星周期性相对运动条件的新方法，给出了非线性周期相对运动的初始条件。编队卫星相对距离较近时，利用非线性周期运动条件，可修正Hill方程的初始条件，抑制编队卫星的长期漂移。编队卫星相对距离较大，非线性因素不可忽略时，利用非线性周期运动条件，可找到不需消耗任何燃料的周期性相对运动轨道。最后的数值仿真结果验证了该方法的正确性。     

伴飞卫星自主相对导航衰减记忆滤波算法

为实现伴飞卫星的自主相对导航,基于C-W方程提出了一种在伴飞卫星轨道系中建立简化的相对运动方程构成星上轨道递推、根据导航敏感器输出进行量测更新的导航滤波器,并利用衰减记忆滤波算法抑制系统模型误差对相对导航结果的影响。仿真结果表明,该滤波算法可实现伴飞星的自主相对导航。它不仅较C-W方程更简单,而且适于模型不准确时的相对导航,工程实现易。     

FY-2气象卫星在轨管理工程测控关键技术(上)

介绍了风云二号(FY—2)地球静止轨道自旋气象卫星工程测控的关键技术。分析了位置保持、姿态确定、星蚀和日凌的原理，给出了位置保持、姿态控制策略和地影、月影、日凌预报算法。并提出了一种检验定姿结果正确性的方法，提供了相应的工程计算参数。这些策略都已成功地用于FY—2卫星的在轨管理工程测控。     

GPS/速率陀螺组合Kalman滤波姿态确定算法研究

建立了GPS／速率陀螺组合姿态估计系统的模型，研究比较了三种典型的Kalman滤波姿态确定算法：状态扩充法、量测量求差法和时变噪声估计跟踪自适应滤波算法。给出了某航天器采用GPS／速率陀螺组合姿态确定的仿真计算结果，并对结果进行了分析。结果表明，与传统Kalman滤波算法比较，时变噪声跟踪自适应滤波算法和量测量求差滤波算法能较好地消除GPS测量中相关时变噪声的影响，提高姿态确定的精度；而且时变噪声跟踪自适应滤波算法能很好地消除由于噪声统计性能的不确定性对Kalman滤波的影响，提高姿态确定系统的性能。