MAGNETOSPHERIC PHYSICS IN CHINA:2000-2002

This brief report presents the latest advances of the magnetospheric physics researches in China during the period of 2000-2002, made independently by Chinese space physicists and through international cooperation. The related areas cover almost every aspect of magnetospheric physics.     

杨振宁的科学研究艺术

杨振宁教授是位著名的物理学家，诺贝尔物理学奖金获得者。他在物理学研究中取得的成就同科学研究的艺术是分不开的。本文分析了如下三个问题：第一“对称性支配相互作用”与杨米尔斯规范场理论；第二，科学研究中的风格和ｔａｓｔｅ；第三，科学研究方向的选择。该文无论是对年青的研究还是对成熟的学者从事科学研究都有指导意义。     

再入体激波层和近尾流热辐射实验研究

本文介绍了在弹道靶设备上对再入速度下模型的热辐射进行的实验研究工作。铝、高硅氧和聚碳酸酯三种材料的模型在速度为4.5～6.0(km/s),压力为600—8000Pa条件下做了实验,在258nm—1100nm光谱范围内完成了九个波段的辐射测量,给出了三种材料模型的辐射光谱分布曲线。结果表明辐射量除了受环境条件影响外,还强烈地依赖于模型材料;由烧蚀产物引起的辐射通量主要在可见光和近红外区(465nm以上)。估算了烧蚀产物引起的辐射加热率,对头部和近尾流辐射通量做了比较。     

Progress on Space Solar Telescope in 2004 - 2006

The progress on Chinese Space Solar Telescope (SST) in 2004-2006 is introduced. The scientific objectives are further clarified and the ground operation system has been planned. The 7 key technical problems of SST satellite platform and payloads have been tackled, which lay solid scientific and technological foundations for engineering prototype phase of the SST project. At present the SST project undergoes evaluation by CNSA and CAS so as to enter the engineering prototype phase of the SST project if it is finally approved.     

Spectra and time variability of black-hole binaries in the low/hard state

We propose a jet model for the low/hard state of galactic black-hole X-ray sources which explains the energy spectra from radio to X-rays and a number of timing properties in the X-ray domain such as the time lag spectra, the hardening of the power density spectra and the narrowing of the autocorrelation function with increasing photon energy. The model assumes that (i) there is a magnetic field along the axis of the jet, (ii) the electron density in the jet drops inversely proportional to distance, (iii) the jet is “hotter” near its center than at its periphery, and (iv) the electrons in the jet follow a power-law distribution function. We have performed Monte Carlo simulations of Compton upscattering of soft photons from the accretion disk and have found power-law high-energy spectra with photon-number index in the range 1.5–2 and cutoff at a few hundred keV, power-law time lags versus Fourier frequency with index 0.8, and an increase of the rms amplitude of variability and a narrowing of the autocorrelation function with increasing photon energy as they have been observed in Cygnus X-1. The spectrum at long wavelengths (radio, infrared, optical) is modeled to come from synchrotron radiation of the energetic electrons in the jet. We find flat to inverted radio spectra that extend from the radio up to about the optical band. For magnetic field strengths of the order 10⁵–10⁶ G at the base of the jet, the calculated spectra agree well in slope and flux with the observations.     

考虑先验信息可信度的后验加权Bayes估计

 先验信息失真及先验样本数量过大会扭曲小子样条件下Bayes融合评估的效果,引入可信度可以改善这个问题。现有的可信度度量方法大都直接基于数据层,即通过判断两种样本是否属于同一分布,这种度量在小子样情况下不太可信,为此提出了一种基于数据物理来源的可信度度量方法。同时归纳了可信度融合评估的准则,分析了现有可信度融合评估方法的不足,并结合正态分布的参数估计问题,给出了一种考虑先验信息可信度的后验加权Bayes估计方法。理论分析和算例都证实了该方法优于常用的Bayes估计方法。     

介质涂覆位置对球面收敛喷管电磁散射特性影响

外形设计和隐身材料使用是缩减目标雷达散射截面积(RCS)的两种常用方法。为了研究雷达吸波材料(RAM)对于球面收敛矢量喷管(SCFN)的RCS减缩效果,采用引入阻抗边界条件后的迭代物理光学(IPO)法,研究了球面收敛二元喷管及8种吸波材料涂覆方案的电磁散射特性,并获得了X波段下9种模型的后向RCS随探测角度的变化规律。研究结果表明:吸波材料涂覆可以有效地缩减球面收敛喷管的RCS;合理的涂覆方案可以在保证RCS缩减效果的基础上,降低吸波材料的使用量;相比全涂覆方案,仅在喷管出口和球面段进行涂覆,可以在吸波材料减少30%使用量的情况下,达到全涂覆方案80%的缩减效果。     

Research on a complex CME event including Hα, LASCO, radio and MDI observations

We present our research on a fast and decelerating partial halo coronal mass ejection (CME) event detected in multi-wavelengths in the chromosphere and the corona on 14 October, 1999. The event involved a whole complex active area which spanned more than 40° of heliolongitude. It included a strong solar flare (XI/1N) and a complex eruptive filament within an active region of the entire complex. Especially, several radio sources were detected in the decimetric range prior to the CME by the Nançay Radioheliograph (NRH). A linear force-free field extrapolation of the Michelson Doppler Imager (MDI) magnetogram was performed to calculate the magnetic topology of the complex prior to the triggering of the event. The presence of a coronal null point combined with the occurrence of two distant and nearly simultaneous radio sources put strong arguments in favor of the generalized breakout model for the triggering of the eruption. The analysis of the subsequent development of the event suggests that large interconnecting loops were ejected together with the CME.     

高超声速弹道靶泰氟隆锥模型及弹托设计

模型及弹托设计是开展弹道靶试验研究的基础。对用于再入物理特性研究的泰氟隆锥模型,采用了钨、铝作芯体配重的鞘套结构,而弹托采用了四瓣不封底和八瓣全包覆两种结构并选用了聚碳酸酯和超韧尼龙两种材料。发射试验结果表明:用此方法设计的泰氟隆锥模型和选用超韧尼龙做成八瓣全包覆弹托能实现泰氟隆锥模型的超高速发射,模型的发射速度达到5.7km s,且模型与弹托分离满足再入物理试验研究的要求。     

Re对Ni3Al屈服强度及断裂强度影响的第一原理研究

为了满足航空发动机热端部件材料力学性能的不断提高,应用基于密度泛函理论的第一原理方法,研究了Re对Ni_3Al金属间化合物力学强度的影响。通过建立掺杂Re前后Ni_3Al的滑移模型和断裂模型,计算了晶胞的不稳定堆垛层错能γ_(US)和断裂能γ_C,进而判断Re对Ni_3Al屈服强度和断裂强度的影响。另外根据经验判据,γ_C/γ_(US)值可表征材料的韧脆性。计算结果表明,Re的掺杂增大了Ni_3Al [11■](111)和[1■0](111)两个滑移系下的γ_(US),使得滑移系不易开动,不易使Ni_3Al发生塑性变形,增大了Ni_3Al的屈服强度。Re增大了Ni_3Al在密排面处的断裂能,使得其不易在密排面发生断裂,增大了断裂强度。关于改善Ni_3Al的韧性,Re的掺杂对于密排面上不同滑移方向的影响具有一定的差别。此研究工作可为改善航空发动机单晶叶片的力学性能提供理论基础。