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1.
Mats Holmström 《Space Science Reviews》2006,126(1-4):435-445
Observations and simulations show that Mars' atmosphere has large seasonal variations. Total atmospheric density can have
an order of magnitude latitudinal variation at exobase heights. By numerical simulations we show that these latitude variations
in exobase parameters induce asymmetries in the hydrogen exosphere that propagate to large distances from the planet. We show
that these asymmetries in the exosphere produce asymmetries in the fluxes of energetic neutral atoms (ENAs) and soft X-rays
produced by charge exchange between the solar wind and exospheric hydrogen. This could be an explanation for asymmetries that
have been observed in ENA and X-ray fluxes at Mars. 相似文献
2.
本文在总结我国空空导弹发动机研制的基础上,分析空空导弹发动机尾喷流对载机的影响.同时,从导弹发动机设计的角度出发,根据国内实际水平,提出采用少烟复合固体推进剂作为今后减少尾喷流对载机影响的主要技术途径. 相似文献
3.
S. M. Krimigis D. G. Mitchell D. C. Hamilton S. Livi J. Dandouras S. Jaskulek T. P. Armstrong J. D. Boldt A. F. Cheng G. Gloeckler J. R. Hayes K. C. Hsieh W.-H. Ip E. P. Keath E. Kirsch N. Krupp L. J. Lanzerotti R. Lundgren B. H. Mauk R. W. McEntire E. C. Roelof C. E. Schlemm B. E. Tossman B. Wilken D. J. Williams 《Space Science Reviews》2004,114(1-4):233-329
The magnetospheric imaging instrument (MIMI) is a neutral and charged particle detection system on the Cassini orbiter spacecraft designed to perform both global imaging and in-situ measurements to study the overall configuration and dynamics of Saturn’s magnetosphere and its interactions with the solar wind, Saturn’s atmosphere, Titan, and the icy satellites. The processes responsible for Saturn’s aurora will be investigated; a search will be performed for substorms at Saturn; and the origins of magnetospheric hot plasmas will be determined. Further, the Jovian magnetosphere and Io torus will be imaged during Jupiter flyby. The investigative approach is twofold. (1) Perform remote sensing of the magnetospheric energetic (E > 7 keV) ion plasmas by detecting and imaging charge-exchange neutrals, created when magnetospheric ions capture electrons from ambient neutral gas. Such escaping neutrals were detected by the Voyager l spacecraft outside Saturn’s magnetosphere and can be used like photons to form images of the emitting regions, as has been demonstrated at Earth. (2) Determine through in-situ measurements the 3-D particle distribution functions including ion composition and charge states (E > 3 keV/e). The combination of in-situ measurements with global images, together with analysis and interpretation techniques that include direct “forward modeling’’ and deconvolution by tomography, is expected to yield a global assessment of magnetospheric structure and dynamics, including (a) magnetospheric ring currents and hot plasma populations, (b) magnetic field distortions, (c) electric field configuration, (d) particle injection boundaries associated with magnetic storms and substorms, and (e) the connection of the magnetosphere to ionospheric altitudes. Titan and its torus will stand out in energetic neutral images throughout the Cassini orbit, and thus serve as a continuous remote probe of ion flux variations near 20R
S (e.g., magnetopause crossings and substorm plasma injections). The Titan exosphere and its cometary interaction with magnetospheric plasmas will be imaged in detail on each flyby. The three principal sensors of MIMI consists of an ion and neutral camera (INCA), a charge–energy–mass-spectrometer (CHEMS) essentially identical to our instrument flown on the ISTP/Geotail spacecraft, and the low energy magnetospheric measurements system (LEMMS), an advanced design of one of our sensors flown on the Galileo spacecraft. The INCA head is a large geometry factor (G ∼ 2.4 cm2 sr) foil time-of-flight (TOF) camera that separately registers the incident direction of either energetic neutral atoms (ENA) or ion species (≥5∘ full width half maximum) over the range 7 keV/nuc < E < 3 MeV/nuc. CHEMS uses electrostatic deflection, TOF, and energy measurement to determine ion energy, charge state, mass, and 3-D anisotropy in the range 3 ≤ E ≤ 220 keV/e with good (∼0.05 cm2 sr) sensitivity. LEMMS is a two-ended telescope that measures ions in the range 0.03 ≤ E ≤ 18 MeV and electrons 0.015 ≤ E≤ 0.884 MeV in the forward direction (G ∼ 0.02 cm2 sr), while high energy electrons (0.1–5 MeV) and ions (1.6–160 MeV) are measured from the back direction (G ∼ 0.4 cm2 sr). The latter are relevant to inner magnetosphere studies of diffusion processes and satellite microsignatures as well as cosmic ray albedo neutron decay (CRAND). Our analyses of Voyager energetic neutral particle and Lyman-α measurements show that INCA will provide statistically significant global magnetospheric images from a distance of ∼60 R
S every 2–3 h (every ∼10 min from ∼20 R
S). Moreover, during Titan flybys, INCA will provide images of the interaction of the Titan exosphere with the Saturn magnetosphere every 1.5 min. Time resolution for charged particle measurements can be < 0.1 s, which is more than adequate for microsignature studies. Data obtained during Venus-2 flyby and Earth swingby in June and August 1999, respectively, and Jupiter flyby in December 2000 to January 2001 show that the instrument is performing well, has made important and heretofore unobtainable measurements in interplanetary space at Jupiter, and will likely obtain high-quality data throughout each orbit of the Cassini mission at Saturn. Sample data from each of the three sensors during the August 18 Earth swingby are shown, including the first ENA image of part of the ring current obtained by an instrument specifically designed for this purpose. Similarily, measurements in cis-Jovian space include the first detailed charge state determination of Iogenic ions and several ENA images of that planet’s magnetosphere.This revised version was published online in July 2005 with a corrected cover date. 相似文献
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5.
中性盐雾预腐蚀对AF1410高强钢疲劳寿命的影响 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
采用失重法和XRD法研究了AF1410钢在中性盐雾环境中的耐蚀性能,并对中性盐雾预腐蚀不同时间后的试样进行疲劳性能测试,研究了不同预腐蚀时间对材料疲劳寿命的影响。结果表明:AF1410钢发生了严重的全面腐蚀,腐蚀产物主要由FeO(OH)和Fe3O4组成,并得到其腐蚀失重曲线;疲劳断口形貌分析表明,随预腐蚀时间的延长,腐蚀损伤程度增加,在疲劳加载过程中易形成较多的疲劳裂纹扩展源而导致疲劳断裂失效;最终获得中性盐雾预腐蚀AF1410钢结构疲劳寿命特性以及预腐蚀对疲劳寿命的影响系数C(t)曲线。 相似文献
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7.
针对氢氧火箭发动机羽烟紫外辐射特性参数分析,提出一种基于紫外CCD(change coupled device)相机采集的单幅辐射图像,同时反演羽烟内紫外辐射源项和吸收系数的方法.该方法将羽烟简化为发射-吸收轴对称介质,通过对辐射图像数据进行Able变换得到三维介质内辐射强度分布,利用最小二乘法将反演问题转化为使计算得到的与Abel变换得到的辐射强度误差最小的最优化问题,然后利用共轭梯度法求解该最优化问题.通过在求解正问题得到的准确值的基础上添加随机噪声,模拟辐射图像数据,分析了测量误差对算法反演精度的影响.结果表明:该算法对测量误差不敏感,能够准确的重建羽烟内的辐射源项和吸收系数分布. 相似文献
8.
用于发动机羽流试验研究的液氦热沉设计 总被引:2,自引:2,他引:2
超低温大型卧式热沉采用液氦制冷,将在国内实现热沉表面温度低于10K,主要用于航天发动机羽流效应试验,同时兼顾卫星等热真空试验.热沉主体结构为卧式圆筒型,为减小热损失,液氦热沉去掉了骨架,外部装有液氮热沉,两者采用一体化设计,液氮热沉既做液氦热沉的防辐射屏,又做液氦热沉的支撑.为增大抽速,舱体封头端设计了可拆卸的羽流吸附泵.羽流试验时液氦热沉、羽流吸附泵通液氦制冷,液氮热沉通液氮制冷,各部分热沉单独供液.对此大型热沉进行了方案设计、参数计算,对热沉预冷及稳态工况时的液氮、液氦消耗量进行了估算,分析了羽流试验时热沉抽气速率随试验工质温度的变化关系,得出液氦热沉对氮气的抽气速率可以达到107L/s量级. 相似文献
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10.
基于PISO算法,通过求解三维N-S方程,对导弹飞行过程中超声速自由来流、侧喷流及主发动机尾流进行了一体化仿真研究.得出了清晰的流场分布图,分析了侧喷流对外流场及尾流场的影响,比较了飞行速度与侧喷口位置对侧喷流作用效果的影响.结果显示:侧喷口的分布位置是决定侧喷流对尾流场影响大小的主导因素;侧喷流对尾流场的影响,随导弹... 相似文献