关于《航班延误经济补偿指导意见》的几个问题

在民用航空运输中,由于多种原因,航班延误难以避免,因航班延误引起的纠纷时有发生。为了提高航班正常率,减少因航班延误引起的矛盾,中国民用航空总局2004年发布了《中国民用航空总局对国内航空公司因自身原因造成航班延误给予旅客经济补偿的指导意见(试行)》,就航班延误经济补偿的条件、标准、方式提出了原则性的建议。但具体补偿标准由航空公司自行制定。航班延误经济补偿不同于延误赔偿,二者有着质的区别。     

遥控机器人在空间抓物实验的仿真研究

本文是对空间机器人由地面站遥控操纵在空间抓物实验方案的仿真研究,它是在图形计算机工作站上用C语言编程实现的。视景化仿真描绘了自由飞行物与机器人之间的相对运动,考虑了空间站与地面站信息传输延迟的影响,用扩展的卡尔曼滤波实现了机器人对自由飞行物的自动跟踪,人在地面站观测预报的机器人和目标物的立体图象,可以经操纵球控制机械手运动。仿真结果表明,该方案对进一步研究有很好的参考价值。     

A regional tropospheric model for airborne GPS applications

A regional tropospheric model can be constructed using surveys from GPS ground networks. Using this model the tropospheric delays of a kinematic station within the region can be interpolated. However, such a model is generally not suitable for an airborne platform high above the ground networks. In this paper, a method of constructing a regional tropospheric model for airborne GPS applications is described. First, the kinematic station in the air is projected onto the ground. Then the tropospheric delays at projected point are interpolated from those of the ground networks. Finally, the tropospheric delays at projected point are extended upward to the airborne platform using pressure and temperature gradients and humidity exponential function. For validation of this method, the data of airborne campaign carried out by BKG in cooperation with GFZ and BGR 2008 in the northern Alps are used. The results show that GPS kinematic positioning precision in height component can be improved using this method.     

基于经济损失的航班延误恢复模型研究

分析了航班延误的恢复调度问题,并针对问题提出了一种机场大面积航班延误恢复模型,模型考虑了航班延误的延误时间,还考虑了不同机型对航班延误经济损失造成的影响。构造了基于免疫机制的免疫遗传算法来求解模型,此算法保留了标准遗传算法随机全局并行搜索的特点,又在相当大的程度上避免了未成熟收敛。用实际的航班信息进行仿真研究结果表明,文中的模型和算法切实可行。     

天气因素导致的航班延误问题研究

针对天气干扰下的分季节的航班过站衔接时间优化问题,在对各个航班的潜在延误风险等级评价的基础上,通过历史数据研究天气因素导致的航班延误概率分布,求得各航班波及延误的期望,以优化前后总的波及延误之差最大化为目标函数,分别建立分季节优化松约束模型和紧约束模型,对航班衔接过站时间进行优化.最后以国内某航空公司的航班数据为算例,进行验证并比较.研究结果表明,分季节的松约束模型和紧约束模型均比原计划减少了波及延误的时间,且松约束模型的优化效果更明显.     

An inter-comparison of zenith tropospheric delays derived from DORIS and GPS data

Doppler Orbitography Radiopositioning Integrated by Satellite (DORIS) and Global Positioning System (GPS) techniques are similarly affected by propagation delays in the neutral atmosphere (troposphere) and hence make use of similar data processing strategies for reducing this effect. We compare Zenith Tropospheric Delays (ZTDs) estimated from 52 DORIS and GPS station pairs co-located at 35 sites over the 2005–2008 period. We find an overall systematic negative mean bias of −4 mm and a median bias of −2 mm, with a large site-to-site scatter and especially stronger biases over South America, potentially linked to remaining problems related to the South Atlantic Anomaly (SAA) in the current DORIS data processing. The standard deviation of ZTD differences is in the range 4–12 mm over the globe (8 mm on average), with larger values located in the southern hemisphere. The spatial variability of differences is consistent with previous work but remains largely unexplained. DORIS is shown to be much less sensitive to instrumental changes than GPS (only the switch from Alcatel to Starec antenna at Toulouse is detected as an offset of −4 mm in the ZTD time series). On the opposite, discontinuities and spurious annual signals are found in the GPS ZTD solutions. A discontinuity of +5 mm is found on 5 November 2006, linked to the switch from relative to absolute GPS antenna models used in the data processing. The use of modified GPS antennas (e.g. at GODE) or improved antenna models is shown to reduce the spurious annual signal (e.g. from 5 mm to 2 mm at METS). Overall, the agreement between both techniques is good, though DORIS shows a significantly larger random scatter. The high stability and good spatial and temporal coverage make DORIS a potential candidate technique for meteorology and climate studies as long as reasonable time averaging can be applied (e.g. differences are reduced from 8.6 to 2.4 mm with 5-day averages) and no real-time application is considered. This technique could be considered as a potential contributor to Global Geodetic Observing System (GGOS) for climatology.     

一类具有时变和分布时滞的 神经网络系统的时滞相依全局稳定性分析

通过构造一个新的增广Lyapunov-Krasovskii泛函,对时变时滞函数的下界和定常分布时滞同时使用时滞分割,获得了一类同时具有时变时滞和分布时滞的神经网络系统以LMI形式表达的时滞相依全局渐近稳定条件,并通过数值实例表明本文方法的有效性和稳定条件更低的保守性。     

网络控制中传输延迟的接口延迟模型

针对网络控制应用中的延迟问题,通过将传输延迟与网络接口合并到一起,建立了一种新模型:接口延迟模型,然后给出了接口延迟的求解方法,并对接口延迟在实际应用中的各种有关性质进行了深入的研究.接口延迟模型的建立,使得网络控制的研究可以从具体的传输网络中脱离出来,从而可以直接围绕可测的接口延迟研究网络控制系统.      

卡尔曼滤波动态优化及其在遥控机器人空间实验中应用

本文是在文献[1]的基础上,讨论遥控机器人追踪自由飞行目标物的动态性能问题。应用黄金分割法和元素交替极小化法对扩展的卡尔曼滤波初值条件进行搜索并获得优化解。仿真结果表明优化方法简单可行,优化解满足系统性能要求。     

Near real-time estimation of tropospheric water vapour content from ground based GNSS data and its potential contribution to weather now-casting in Austria

The importance of high resolution meteorological analysis of the atmosphere increased over the past years. A detailed analysis of the humidity field is an important precondition for a better monitoring of local and regional extreme precipitation events and for forecasts with improved spatial resolution. For this reason, the Austrian Meteorological Agency (ZAMG) is operating the spatial and temporal high resolution INCA system (Integrated Now-casting through Comprehensive Analysis) since begin of 2005. Errors in this analysis occur mainly in the areas of rapidly changing and hard to predict weather conditions or rugged topography with extreme differences in height such as the alpine area of Austria. The aim of this work is to provide GNSS based measurements of the tropospheric water vapour content with a temporal resolution of 1 h and a temporal delay of less than 1 h to assimilate these estimates into the INCA system. Additional requirement is an accuracy of better than 1 mm of the precipitable water (PW) estimates.