Design and application of an Electric Tail Rotor Drive Control (ETRDC) for helicopters with performance tests

With the development of electric helicopters’ motor technology and the widespread use of electric drive rotors, more aircraft use electric rotors to provide thrust and directional control. For a helicopter tail rotor, the wake of the main rotor influences the tail rotor’s inflow and wake. In the procedure of controlling, crosswind will also cause changes to the tail disk load. This paper describes requirements and design principles of an electric motor drive and variable pitch tail rotor system. A particular spoke-type architecture of the motor is designed, and the performance of blades is analyzed by the CFD method. The demand for simplicity of moving parts and strict constraints on the weight of a helicopter makes the design of electrical and mechanical components challenging. Different solutions have been investigated to propose an effective alternative to the mechanical actuation system. A test platform is constructed which can collect the dynamic response of the thrust control. The enhancement of the response speed due to an individual motor speed control and variable-pitch system is validated.     

采用差尾控制策略的某型机横滚操纵性

某型战机所采用的气动布局使得其横侧安定性较大,与同代其他现役飞机相比横滚操纵性能较差,飞行员在做横滚机动动作时飞机掉高度现象明显。分析了其在低速和高速飞行时横滚机动性能差的原因,研究了增加差动平尾控制提高横滚操纵性的问题。建立了采用差动平尾后飞机稳定横滚的数学模型,并通过定量分析计算说明了增加差动平尾控制,可以使该型战机的横滚机动性能提高近30%,而不会削弱其安定性。     

波音737尾段组件的装配和精加工技术

从波音737尾段中的得克萨斯星组件的工程结构、技术要求、工装、关键尺寸的加工控制和刀具选择等方面阐述了由沈飞公司转包生产的得克萨斯星组件的装配和精加工工艺。     

尾翼盒段主承力结构用高温固化碳纤维复合材料性能应用研究

为了获得成套材料性能数据,为制件工艺性提供支持,并确定是否满足民用飞机设计和使用要求等,针对两组各三个批次的高温固化环氧树脂碳纤维复合材料,采用热压罐工艺制备,并对预浸料及层合板物理性能和3种环境条件下的基本层合板力学性能进行了研究。结果表明,两组预浸料树脂挥发份小,树脂流动度和凝胶时间适中,工艺性良好;该两组复合材料孔隙率小,纤维体积分数适中,耐温、耐湿热和界面粘结性能均较好,且M21体系复合材料的综合性能稍优于CYCOM 977-2体系复合材料,其结果均基本能满足某型民机尾翼盒段设计和使用要求,为该类材料的后续应用发展提供了依据。     

尾喷管内外超声速流场数值模拟

采用有限元法数值模拟带二次流可调收－扩喷管内外跨声速和超声速流场，在计算中采用四边形等参元确定位移函数，利用加权余量法中的Galerkin法建立有限元方程，数值研究三种型式喷管和四种飞行工况下尾喷管内外流场。计算结果与实验数据符合较好，说明可用此数值模拟技术帮助开展实验研究，进行尾喷管优化设计。     

尾喷管内部及其射流流场的数值模拟

通过求解三维Ｎ－Ｓ方程,对某型发动机尾喷管在亚临界及超临界状态下的性能进行了数值模拟,尤其对喷管射流流场及其对喷管内部流动的影响进行了研究。差分格式采用具有ＴＶＤ性质的三阶精度的Ｇｏｄｕｎｏｖ格式,射流场及内部流场简采用分区算法。数值试验表明,所采用的算法可以很好地处理来自于任意方向上的任意间断。     

Performance analysis of variable speed tail rotors with Gurney flaps

Gurney Flaps (GFs) are used for improving the performance of variable speed tail rotors. A validated analytical helicopter model able to predict the main and tail rotor power is utilized. The fixed height GF has substantially small influence on the tail rotor power in hover and low to medium speed forward flight, and can obtain significant power reduction in high speed flight. This ability can be enhanced by decreasing the tail rotor speed. With the deployment of GF, the collective pitch of the tail rotor decreases, and the maximum tail rotor thrust increases. The GF can compensate the reduction of the maximum thrust by the decrease in the tail rotor speed. The GF with a height of 5% of the chord length can almost remedy 50% of the thrust reduction introduced by decreasing 10% of the tail rotor speed. With the increase of GF height, the maximum thrust generated by the tail rotor increases. The GF with larger height can cause the increase in the tail rotor power in hover and low to medium speed flight. The retractable GF can obtain more power savings than the fixed height GF. However, the benefit is substantially small even in high speed flight. Considering the side effects introduced by the active GF, the fixed height GF may be more preferable. The mechanism for the retractable GF to generate more tail rotor thrust is to increase the lift in advancing side due to the higher dynamic pressure.     

直升机低速飞行特性与意外右偏航

根据国外有关参考资料，对直升机丧尾桨推力导致意想不右偏航进行了讨论分析，简单介绍了直升机飞行时的四种飞行特性，（风标稳定性、尾桨涡环状态、主旋翼桨盘旋涡影响，丧失前飞升力）在意外右偏航中的作用和特点，以及改出方法和实施改出的应急措施，为飞行人员保证飞行安全提供了参考依据。     

机械加工引起桨毂轴套耳片疲劳裂纹分析

本文对某机型尾桨毂轴套耳片疲劳裂纹产生的根源,着重从影响产品疲劳特性的结构设计、设计选材,载荷及生产工艺等主要因素进行了分析。通过理论分析认为,引起疲劳裂纹的最大可能性是工艺加工所致。经过产品的断口分析及取样测试,确认为机械加工粗糙,有关尺寸不符合图纸要求,是这次疲劳裂纹产生的直接原因。     

机器人镗孔加工系统稳定性分析

为了解决大型飞机装配现场主起落架交点孔的镗孔精加工问题,提出了采用六自由度工业机器人及专用末端执行器组合的创新解决方案。压脚是抑制机器人镗孔加工系统颤振的核心环节。通过对施加压脚前后的机器人镗孔加工系统进行动力学建模,对系统的稳定性进行分析,得出压脚装置对加工系统稳定性叶瓣图的影响。最后通过实际镗孔加工实验验证了机器人镗孔系统在不同压脚压力下的加工稳定性,表明合理的压脚压力可提高稳定切深,拓展加工稳定区域,有效避免加工颤振。