钕铁硼永磁直流微控电机

阐述Ｎｄ-Ｆｅ-Ｂ永磁直流伺服电机和驱动微电机的设计原则及样机的试验结果。通过对样机的研究和同现有产品的比较,提高了效率,减轻了重量,并使质量／功率比增大。由于电机的温升较低,Ｎｄ-Ｆｅ-Ｂ永磁材料的温度系数大、允许工作温度低的缺点对上述两种电机的性能不会产生重大影响,高性能电机是能够获得的。     

Gravitational wave detection on the Moon and the moons of Mars

The Moon and the moons of Mars should be extremely quiet seismically and could therefore become sensitive gravitational wave detectors, if instrumented properly. Highly sensitive displacement sensors could be deployed on these planetary bodies to monitor the motion induced by gravitational waves. A superconducting displacement sensor with a 10-kg test mass cooled to 2 K will have an intrinsic instrument noise of 10⁻¹⁶ m Hz^−1/2. These sensors could be tuned to the lowest two quadrupole modes of the body or operated as a wideband detector below its fundamental mode. An interesting frequency range is 0.1–1 Hz, which will be missed by both the ground detectors on the Earth and LISA and would be the best window for searching for stochastic background gravitational waves. Phobos and Deimos have their lowest quadrupole modes at 0.2–0.3 Hz and could offer a sensitivity h_min ? 10⁻²² Hz^−1/2 within their resonance peaks, which is within two orders of magnitude from the goal of the Big Bang Observer (BBO). The lunar and Martian moon detectors would detect many interesting foreground sources in a new frequency window and could serve as a valuable precursor for BBO.     

频率标准用超导铌腔内表面处理工艺研究

频率标准用超导铌腔内表面的处理是影响超导腔Q值的最大因素。本文首先通过理论分析确定了超导腔Q与表面剩余电阻的关系,其次通过一系列的表面处理工艺来保证超导腔内表面的剩余电阻尽量小,最后通过实验得到了超导腔的Q值为1.9E9,与理论计算结果相近,证明了表面处理的有效性。     

Toroidal magnetic fields for protecting astronauts from ionizing radiation in long duration deep space missions

Among the configurations of superconducting magnet structures proposed for protecting manned spaceships or manned deep space bases from ionizing radiation, toroidal ones are the most appealing for the efficient use of the magnetic field, being most of the incoming particle directions perpendicular to the induction lines of the field. The parameters of the toroid configuration essentially depend from the shape and volume of the habitat to be protected and the level of protection to be guaranteed. Two options are considered: (1) the magnetic system forming with the habitat a unique complex (compact toroid) to be launched as one piece; (2) the magnetic system to be launched separately from the habitat and assembled around it in space (large toroid).     

少稀土组合励磁永磁无刷电机设计与分析

基于采用稀土永磁和非稀土永磁组合励磁的磁钢结构,提出了一种并联磁路型的少稀土组合励磁永磁无刷电机。介绍了该电机的拓扑结构及运行原理,并在此基础上结合电机功率尺寸方程和励磁源等效方法,给出了电机的初始设计方法并优化确定了相关的设计参数。利用有限元方法深入分析了电机在空载和额定负载条件下的电磁性能。加工了1台5 kW样机,搭建试验平台进行了相关的试验,结果表明了该电机拓扑结构和优化设计方法的有效性。     

永磁同步伺服电动机的分析

本文首先讨论了气隙磁场、电势、电流波形不同的永磁同步伺服电动机的电磁转矩,并进行了理论和实验分析。结果表明,与变换器联合运行的方波电机具有用材省、出力大、控制简单、优于正弦电机的特点。同时,又指出方波电机具有同有刷直流电机完全一样的电势、转矩表达式和控制特性。文中还讨论了方波电机的结构参数(包括气隙磁场分布的波顶宽、每极每相槽数和电势电流间的相位差)对电磁转矩的影响,为该电机的优化设计提供了依据。最后,为进一步提高性能,使之具有线性的控制特性和大的过载能力,文中提出了一种电枢反应小的不对称转子磁路结构的方波电机。样机实验表明,设计合理,效果好。     

Active shielding for long duration interplanetary manned missions

For long duration interplanetary manned missions the protection of astronauts from cosmic radiation is an unavoidable problem that has been considered by many space agencies. In Europe, during 2002–2004, the European Space Agency supported two research programs on this thematic: one was the constitution of a dedicated study group (on the thematic ‘Shielding from cosmic radiation for interplanetary missions: active and passive methods’) in the framework of the ‘life and physical sciences’ report, and the other an industrial study concerning the ‘radiation exposure and mission strategies for interplanetary manned missions to Moon and Mars’. Both programs concluded that, outside the protection of the magnetosphere and in the presence of the most intense and energetic solar events, the protection cannot rely solely on the mechanical structures of the spacecraft, but a temporary shelter must be provided. Because of the limited mass budget, the shelter should be based on the use of superconducting magnetic systems. For long duration missions the astronauts must be protected from the much more energetic galactic cosmic rays during the whole mission period. This requires the protection of a large habitat where they could live and work, and not the temporary protection of a small volume shelter. With passive absorbers unable to play any significant role, the use of active shielding is mandatory. The possibilities offered by superconducting magnets are discussed, and recommendations are made about the needed R&D. The technical developments that have occurred in the meanwhile and the evolving panorama of possible near future interplanetary missions, require revising the pioneering studies of the last decades and the adoption of a strategy that considers long lasting human permanence in ‘deep’ space, moreover not only for a relatively small number of dedicated astronauts but also for citizens conducting there ‘normal’ activities.     

稀土磁弹簧吸振器特性的研究

首先简要介绍稀土金属制成的磁弹簧吸振器的构造和工作机理，然后着重介绍三种规格磁弹簧吸振器特性的测试、计算和分析，并对磁弹簧刚度的可调节性及其刚度与磁弹簧的有关参数间的关系进行了分析，最后得出了一些有实际应用价值的结论。