A first step towards proton flux forecasting

We present a preliminary version of a potential tool for real time proton flux prediction which provides proton flux profiles and cumulative fluence profiles at 0.5 and 2 MeV of solar energetic particle events, from their onset up to the arrival of the interplanetary shock at the spacecraft position (located at 1 or 0.4 AU). Based on the proton transportation model by Lario et al. [Lario, D., Sanahuja, B., Heras, A.M. Energetic particle events: efficiency of interplanetary shocks as 50 keV E < 100 MeV proton accelerators. Astrophys. J. 509, 415–434, 1998] and the magnetohydrodynamic shock propagation model of Wu et al. [Wu, S.T., Dryer, M., Han, S.M. Non-planar MHD model for solar flare-generated disturbances in the Heliospheric equatorial plane. Sol. Phys. 84, 395–418, 1983], we have generated a database containing “synthetic” profiles of the proton fluxes and cumulative fluences of 384 solar energetic particle events. We are currently validating the applicability of this code for space weather forecasting by comparing the resulting “synthetic” flux profiles with those of several real events.     

航天材料对质子辐射防护性能的模拟研究

随着航天材料技术的飞速发展,先进复合材料(ACM)在航天器上的应用价值越来越大。文章从辐射防护角度对航天材料的防护性能作出评价。利用SRIM程序,先模拟各单元素材料的辐射防护性能,再结合实际模拟多种材料的辐射防护效果,对比分析先进复合材料在航天器质子辐射防护上的优势。     

卫星真空热试验污染物成分分析

在真空热试验过程中进行了污染物的采集及成分分析试验。利用污染采集板收集污染物,丙酮溶液洗脱污染物,气相色谱-质谱联用方法对污染物进行成分分析。确定了整星热试验和太阳电池板热试验中的主要污染物成分为硅氧烷和邻苯二甲酸酯,并对两种污染物的影响进行了分析。     

光电耦合器高能质子位移辐射损伤效应评估

文章针对光电耦合器的空间辐射损伤效应,在国内首次开展了高能质子辐照对光电耦合器的位移损伤效应试验研究。结果表明:电流传输比是光电耦合器件位移损伤的敏感参数;相同质子等效注量辐照下,70 MeV能量的质子比191.17 MeV能量的质子对光电耦合器的损伤更严重;此外其他条件相同时,较大驱动电流下器件的位移损伤较小。文章还分析了引起光电耦合器件电流传输比退化的原因。     

Creation of model of quasi-trapped proton fluxes below Earth’s radiation belt

The object of investigation is the phenomenon of proton (from tens keV to several MeV) flux enhancement in near-equatorial region (L < 1.15) at altitude up to ∼1300 km (the storm-time equatorial belt). These fluxes are quite small but the problem of their origin is more interesting than the possible damage they can produce. The well known sources of these protons are radiation belt and ring current. The mechanism of transport is the charge-exchange on neutral hydrogen of exosphere and the charge-exchange on oxygen of upper atmosphere. Therefore this belt is something like the ring current projection to low altitudes. Using the large set of satellites data we obtain the average energy spectrum, the approximation of spectrum using kappa-function, the flux dependence on L, B geomagnetic parameters. On the basis of more than 30 years of experimental observations we made the empiric model that extends model of proton fluxes below 100 keV in the region of small L-values (L < 1.15). The model was realized as the package of programs integrated into COSRAD system available via Internet. The model can be used for revision of estimation of dose that low-orbital space devices obtain.     

Cosmic radiation exposure of aircraft occupants on simulated high-latitude flights during solar proton events from 1 January 1986 through 1 January 2008

From 1 January 1986 through 1 January 2008, GOES satellites recorded 170 solar proton events. For 169 of these events, we estimated effective and equivalent dose rates and doses of galactic cosmic radiation (GCR) and solar cosmic radiation (SCR), received by aircraft occupants on simulated high-latitude flights. Dose rate and dose estimates that follow are for altitudes 30, 40, 50, and 60 kft, in that order.     

Solar particle dynamics during magnetic storms of July 23–27, 2004

It is a case study of a chain of three magnetic storms with a special attention to the particle dynamics based on CORONAS-F and SERVIS-1 low altitude satellite measurements. Solar proton penetration inside the polar cap and inner magnetosphere and dynamics at different phases of the magnetic storms was studied. We found, that solar protons were captured to the inner radiation belt at the recovery phase of the first and the second magnetic storms and additionally accelerated during the last one. No evidence of sudden commencement (SC) particle injection was found. Enhanced solar proton belt intensity with small pitch angles decreased slowly during satellite orbits for 30 days until the next magnetic storm. Then in 20–30 h we registered strong precipitation of these protons followed by the trapped proton flux dropout. Intensity decrease was more pronounced at lower altitudes and higher particle energies.     

Energy spectrum of proton flux near geomagnetic equator at low altitudes

The results of proton energy (tens keV – several MeV) spectrum measurements near geomagnetic equator (L < 1.15) at low altitudes (<1000 km) are presented. We used data of experiments onboard ACTIVE, SAMPEX, NOAA TIROS-N satellites and SPRUT-VI (MIR station) and cover a time range of about 30 years (including previous measurements). It was found that the kappa-distribution function fits the experimental spectrum with the best correlation coefficient. A comparison of energy spectra of near-equatorial protons and ring-current protons was made. Using the estimation of the life time of near-equatorial protons we explain the difference in spectral indices of radiation belt and near-equatorial proton formation. We conclude that the ring current is the main source of the near-equatorial protons.     

等离子体鞘层加速模拟质子辐照连续谱 数值仿真研究

质子辐照是导致空间飞行器热控涂层性能衰退的重要原因。目前地面多采用单一能量的粒子替代空间能量连续分布的粒子来开展质子辐照模拟试验。文章提出了在一个脉冲宽度内获得连续能量质子谱的方法,即脉冲偏压等离子体鞘层加速方法。文章利用细胞粒子（particle-in-cell,PIC）模型对在3种脉冲偏压三角波作用下等离子体鞘层加速质子以获得连续能量质子谱的动力学过程进行了数值仿真研究,分析了3种脉冲三角波形对鞘层扩展、离子加速及能量分布的影响。结果表明,电势空间分布和离子运动状态紧密联系,鞘层内离子密度变化受到脉冲波形和离子热扩散运动的综合影响,通过调整脉冲偏压三角波形,能够获得不同的能量-剂量分布,从而为下一步工作打下基础。     

SAA域选划对天基探测卫星影响简析

通过仿真计算南大西洋异常区(SAA)高能粒子的通量与能量,分析不同通量阈值与能量阈值对SAA空间分布的影响,并以科学实验卫星为研究对象,对其历经SAA的时间百分比进行连续24 h和6个月的统计,获得了SAA对卫星常规运行的工作时间影响。结果表明:在50 MeV能量阈值条件下,500 cm~(-2)?s~(-1)较100 cm~(-2)?s~(-1)通量阈值对SAA空间分布的影响范围在纬度上相差约23.35%,经度上相差约27.06%,历经SAA时间上缩短约48.0%;在100 cm~(-2)?s~(-1)通量阈值条件下,150 MeV较50 MeV能量阈值对SAA空间分布的影响范围在纬度上相差约13.86%,经度上相差约17.29%,历经SAA时间上缩短约31.7%。