Development and performance evaluation of tropospheric scintillation model on Ku-band satellite link over Akure,Nigeria

Existing amplitude scintillation prediction models often perform less satisfactorily when deployed outside the regions where they were formulated. This necessitates the need to evaluate the performance of scintillation models developed in one region using data data from other regions while documenting their relative errors. Due to its variation with elevation angle, frequency, other link parameters and meteorological factors, we employed three years (January 2016 to December 2018) of concurrently measured satellite radio beacons and tropospheric weather parameters to develop a location-based amplitude scintillation prediction model over the Earth-space path of Akure (7.17^oN, 5.18^oE), South-western Nigeria. The satellite beacon measurement used Tektronix Y400 NetTek Analyzer at 1 s integration time while meteorological parameters, namely; temperature, pressure and relative humidity were measured using Davis Vantage Vue weather station at 1 min integration time. Comparative study of the model’s performance with nine (9) existing scintillation prediction models indicates that the best and worst performing models, in terms of root mean square error (RMSE), are the Statistical Temperature and Refractivity (STN) and direct physical and statistical prediction (DPSP) models with values 11.48 and 51.03 respectively. Also, worst month analysis indicates that April, with respective enhancement and fade values of 0.88 and 0.90 dB for 0.01% exceedance, is the overall worst calendar month for amplitude scintillation.     

纤维体积含量对开孔层压板拉伸性能的影响

本文主要研究了碳纤维织物增强复合材料的纤维体积含量V_f对开孔层压板的抗拉强度σ、断裂伸长率ε的影响。采用T300碳纤维平纹织物为增强材料,经树脂传递模塑法(RTM工艺)复合而成T300/环氧TDE-85层压板,用岛津强力测试机进行拉伸性能测试。     

飞机典型结构细节——紧固孔随机裂纹扩展分析

根据7475T761铝合金犬骨型试样在随机谱载荷作用下的试验结果,采用两种随机裂纹扩展分析的方法,即通用的和解析的分析方法,研究了飞机典型结构细节——紧固孔中疲劳裂纹扩展的概率累积损伤,给出了概率裂纹扩展轨迹、裂纹扩展损伤累积分布及裂纹超出数的概率。试验结果与预测结果的比较表明,两者十分吻合,能满足工程精度的要求,为飞机结构的耐久性和损伤容限评估提供了适用的分析手段。     

基于Fokker 27飞机过载-超越数曲线族的严重超越数包线选取

 以Fokker 27机群的过载-超越数曲线族为基础,建立了严重谱对应的严重超越数包线的获取方法。首先对外场使用的Fokker 27飞机机群的过载-超越数曲线进行筛选,得到59架飞机的过载-超越数曲线,采用线性累积损伤理论计算得到59架飞机每次飞行的损伤;假定机群载荷损伤服从对数正态分布,以严重谱下安全寿命满足机群寿命可靠度要求为准则,给出了严重谱的损伤程度。其次,采用对数正态分布描述指定过载下超越数的分布特性,外推得到满足损伤要求的严重超越数包线及对应的概率要求。结果表明,Fokker 27飞机严重过载-超越数曲线包线对应的超越数增量为1.117倍标准差。     

T800HB碳纤维复合材料壳体定量化等强度补强技术

文摘T800HB碳纤维性脆,制备的复合材料壳体易在封头部位低压破坏。为克服传统补强方式给筒段纵向带来的冗余质量,采用等强度补强理念,以Φ150 mm壳体为研究对象,借鉴复合材料壳体应力平衡系数,通过应变分析与试验验证,定量化得出等强度增强所需材料的厚度。研究结果表明,定量化等强度补强技术可行、可靠,制备的T800HB碳纤维壳体的爆破压力均达到设计值,筒段纵向材料强度不再富余,特别对提高大长径比壳体的PV/W值有积极作用。     

飞机典型结构（紧固孔）原始疲劳质量研究

 本文介绍了一个定量地确定飞机结构细节（紧固孔）的原始疲劳质量的工程方法。用“当量初始缺陷尺寸分布”表征在一个或多个结构细节中真实初始缺陷的当量影响。用“使用裂纹扩展控制曲线”描述这一分布的扩展规律。用“裂纹超出量概率”定量地确定细节疲劳开裂的损伤度。这一工程方法原则上也适用于其它的结构细节,如几何不连续处、圆角及耳片等。本文编制了参数优化的计算机程序,并进行了大量试验研究,计算结果证实了这一工程方法的适用性、     

QAR超限事件飞行操作风险诊断方法

利用某机型的快速存取记录器(QAR,Quick Access Record)数据,对飞机着陆阶段出现的某一QAR超限事件,选取飞机下降率、俯仰角等飞行员综合操作指标在无线电高度20 feet(1 feet=0.304 8 m)的数值以及20~0 feet之间的变化率,分析由这些指标构成的"空间"中发生该QAR超限事件的"高风险子空间".对同一机场同一机型的多个航班数据初步分析得到,着陆总重大于62 t、着陆温度小于32℃时,正常样本与QAR超限样本占比接近,表明环境因素并非该样本空间中QAR超限事件的主要因素.为进一步诊断,以超限事件发生率最大化为目标,以划分空间中包含的样本满足一定数量标准为约束,建立数学模型,并以黄金分割法为基础设计了算法,找出这些操作指标上区间的边界值,以此诊断可能触发该QAR超限事件的高风险区域,为飞行员模拟机针对性训练提供指导.      

Comparison of observed hmF2 and IRI 2007 model with M(3000)F2 estimation of hmF2 at low solar activity for an equatorial station

This is to investigate ways of improving the Equatorial F2-layer peak heights estimated from M(3000)F2 ionosonde data measured using the Ionospheric Prediction Service (IPS-42) sounder at Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso (Latitude +12.4°N, Longitude +1.5°W, Dip latitude +5.9°N) during a low solar activity year (1995). For this purpose, we have compared the observed h_mF2 (h_mF2_obs) deduced using an algorithm from scaled virtual heights of quiet day ionograms and the predicted h_mF2 values which is given by the IRI 2007 model (h_mF2_{IRI 2007}) with the ionosonde measured M(3000)F2 estimation of the h_mF2 values (h_mF2_est) respectively. The correlation coefficients R² for all the seasons were found to range from 0.259 to 0.692 for h_mF2_obs values, while it ranges from 0.551 to 0.875 for the h_mF2_{IRI 2007} values. During the nighttime, estimated h_mF2 (h_mF2_est) was found to be positively correlated with the h_mF2_obs values by the post-sunset peak representation which is also represented by the h_mF2_{IRI 2007} values. We also investigated the validity of the h_mF2_est values by finding the percentage deviations when compared with the h_mF2_obs and h_mF2_{IRI 2007}.     

基于模糊关联分类器的民机超限事件诊断方法

现有的民用飞机超限事件智能诊断模型大多属于“黑盒”模型,不利于分析超限事件发生的原因.为此提出了一种基于模糊关联分类器(FAC,Fuzzy Associative Classifier)的民用飞机超限事件诊断方法.该方法抽取发生超限事件时对应的QAR(Quick Access Recorder)参数快照取值,采用模糊C均值(FCM,Fuzzy C-Means)聚类算法对抽取的QAR参数取值模糊预处理,然后基于Apriori算法生成模糊关联分类规则库,并由遗传算法对其进行裁剪,结合模糊分类推理方法形成FAC.采用B737-800实际样本数据进行了验证.实验结果表明,所提出的FAC能有效诊断超限事件,FAC识别超限事件的错误率与最小二乘支持向量机(LS-SVM,Least Squares Support Vector Machine)模型相当,但其解释性方面优于LS-SVM.     

On the selection of optimal global geopotential model for geoid modeling: A case study in Pakistan

A statistical comparison has been made between gravity field parameters derived from different global geopotential models (GGMs) and observed gravity anomalies, gravimetric geoid and GPS-Leveling data. The motivation behind this study is the selection of best possible global geopotential model that best matches statistically with the local observed data in Pakistan. This will facilitate in decreasing the load on observed data for the development of regional gravimetric geoid in remove-compute-restore technique when used in the Stokes’s integral for computation of the residual part. It is observed that combined geopotential models such as EGM96 and PGM200A, EIGEN-GL04C and EIGEN-CG03C reflect the better match in the total spectral range of gravity and GPS-Leveling data. Results of the precise local geoid model also indicate similar characteristics. A very-high-degree model “EGM2008” (degree/order 2160) exhibits relatively superior statistical fit with observed ground data in Pakistan region. For satellite-only models an increasing trend in the standard deviation can be seen with maximum of about ∼4 m in difference between GPS-Leveling and corresponding GGM’s geoid with increase in the order from 50 to 120 and then it decreases afterwards. However, for the EIGEN-CHAMP03SP, standard deviation saturates to a value of 3.4 m. This is an indication of contamination in the long to medium wavelength part, i.e. 50–100° for the satellite-only models. Moreover, the models DEOS-CHAMP-01C, GGM02C and then ITG-GRACE03 appear to have better fit for medium to long wavelength and can possibly be recommended for use as long wavelength part with the local observed data. While a hybrid geopotential model selection can be achieved through the selection from either of DEOS-CHAMP-01C, GGM02C, GGM02S, EIGEN-GRACE02S or ITG-GRACE03 in the long wavelength (to degree and order 40) and EGM96, PGM200A, EIGEN-GL04C, EIGEN-CG03C or even EGM2008 in medium to short wavelength, i.e. from degree 41 to maximum degree and order.