Aerodynamic optimization of rotor airfoil based on multi-layer hierarchical constraint method

Rotor airfoil design is investigated in this paper. There are many difficulties for this high-dimensional multi-objective problem when traditional multi-objective optimization methods are used. Therefore, a multi-layer hierarchical constraint method is proposed by coupling principal component analysis (PCA) dimensionality reduction and e-constraint method to translate the orig-inal high-dimensional problem into a bi-objective problem. This paper selects the main design objectives by conducting PCA to the preliminary solution of original problem with consideration of the priority of design objectives. According to the e-constraint method, the design model is estab-lished by treating the two top-ranking design goals as objective and others as variable constraints. A series of bi-objective Pareto curves will be obtained by changing the variable constraints, and the favorable solution can be obtained by analyzing Pareto curve spectrum. This method is applied to the rotor airfoil design and makes great improvement in aerodynamic performance. It is shown that the method is convenient and efficient, beyond which, it facilitates decision-making of the high-dimensional multi-objective engineering problem.     

Lift coefficient prediction at high angle of attack using recurrent neural network

In this paper, identification of dynamic stall effect of rotor blade is considered. Recurrent Neural Networks have the ability to identify the nonlinear dynamical systems from training data. This paper describes the use of recurrent neural networks for predicting the coefficient of lift (C_Z) at high angle of attack. In our approach, the coefficient of lift (C_Z) obtained from the experimental results (wind tunnel data) at different mean angle of attack θ_mean is used to train the recurrent neural network. Then the recurrent neural network prediction is compared with experimental ONERA OA212 airfoil data. The time and space complexity required to predict C_Z in the proposed method is less and it is easy to incorporate in any commercially available rotor code.     

Numerical simulation of aerodynamic interaction for a tilt rotor aircraft in helicopter mode

A rotor CFD solver is developed for simulating the aerodynamic interaction phenomenon among rotor, wing and fuselage of a tilt rotor aircraft in its helicopter mode. The unsteady Navier–Stokes equations are discretized in inertial frame and embedded grid system is adopted for describing the relative motion among blades and nacelle/wing/fuselage. A combination of multi-layer embedded grid and ‘‘extended hole fringe" technique is complemented in original grid system to tackle grid assembly difficulties arising from the narrow space among different aerodynamic components, and to improve the interpolation precision by decreasing the cell volume discrepancy among different grid blocks. An overall donor cell searching and automatic hole cutting technique is used for grid assembly, and the solution processes are speeded up by introduction of Open MP parallel method. Based on this solver, flow fields and aerodynamics of a tilt rotor aircraft in hover are simulated with several rotor collective angles, and the corresponding states of an isolated rotor and rotor/wing/fuselage model are also computed to obtain reference solution.Aerodynamic interference influences among the rotor and wing/fuselage/nacelle are analyzed,and some meaningful conclusions are drawn.     

多层隔热结构研究进展

多层隔热(MLI)结构在高真空环境下具有极低热导率,主要用于太空环境下飞行器和大型燃料贮箱的隔热.本文对MLI结构的隔热原理、选材、制备工艺及应用等进行了综述,简要介绍了国内外MLI结构的研究进展和发展趋势,提出进一步改进MLI的性能是我国实现飞行器长期在轨运行和深空探测的重要研究方向.     

固体火箭发动机多层粘接结构超声图像诊断

针对固体火箭发动机的钢壳、绝热层、衬层、推进剂多层粘接结构的粘接质量检测问题,利用聚焦探头采用斜声束液浸反射回波法,选用往返透射率高的板波模式,特别是采用了双模式检测技术以提高检测信号能量,获得有效检测信号,并开发出了检测系统。通过一次C扫描获得了双层包覆三个界面粘接质量诊断图像,其脱粘检测分辨率≤Φ5 mm。采用聚集探头双模式检测技术实现了固体火箭发动机多层粘接结构超声图像诊断。     

一个基于多重推理的遥感图片解译专家系统

本文研究了在图象模式识别过程中引入人工智能的知识学习、知识表达和知识推理的理论和技术,设计并实现了一个应用于遥感图片解译的计算机视觉专家系统。 为使系统具有较高的智能化程度,本文提出了一种新的推理方法——多重推理法,它具有处理某些不完全知识和错误知识的能力,并且推理过程所运用的部分知识(规则)是从已知样本中自动归纳学习生成的。     

用于实现LTCC双平衡混频器的宽带巴伦设计

文章介绍了一种用于实现C频段LTCC（Low Temperature Co-fired Ceramic。低温共烧陶瓷）双平衡混频器的宽带巴伦设计。该巴伦是基于LTCC技术设计的多层结构巴伦,利用了LTCC多层技术的优点,采用宽边耦合线结构,可增加耦合线的耦合系数,从而可增加巴伦的带宽。设计的巴伦频率范围为5．575GHz-6．775GHz,具有插损小、平衡度好等优点,可应用于C频段LTCC7,K平衡混频器。文章介绍了Marchand巴伦的工作原理,描述了所设计巴伦的3D结构,并给出了设计仿真的结果。     

Reliability evaluation of avionics system with imperfect fault coverage and propagated failure mechanisms

Fault tolerance designs are essential techniques for systems that require high levels of reliability, such as aircraft or spacecraft control system. Imperfect Fault Coverage (IFC) may lead to the failure of a system or subsystem even with adequate redundancy. Previous studies of IFC mostly concentrated on evaluating Coverage Factor (CF), whereas the system failure behaviors with IFC have rarely been involved. Failures that occur in low-layer may be covered by high-layer. However, if the coverage is imperfect, uncovered failure will have functional and physical impact on the system behavior. In this thesis, the failure behavior and reliability of IFC of multi-layer systems are studied and a Binary Decision Diagram (BDD)-based modeling and simulation method are proposed to evaluate system reliability. As a case, the failure behavior of an aero engine electronic controller with IFC is studied. The results show that the IFC may impact system behavior without taking the IFC into account, the system maintenance intervals may reduce, and thus the maintenance costs will increase.     

一种基于多重相敏解调算法的相位差测量新方法

研究了一种新的测量正弦信号相位差的方法,就是利用正弦信号的特殊性质,通过多次信号相敏解调运算,能够检测信噪比很低的两路正弦信号之间的相位差,分别讨论了信号的信噪比、取样点数、A/D的量化位数对测量结果的影响,并给出了具体的仿真结果。在低信噪比情况下与传统的互相关法进行比较,并给出实验数据,结果表明这种方法能有效地提取出被噪声严重污染的信号的相位差,而且算法简单,物理意义明确,精度可以满足工程的要求,具有检测能力强的优点,特别适合极低信噪比甚至负信噪比情况下的相位差的高精度测量。     

一种新型双层介质结构Butler矩阵研究

提出并实现一种基于双层微带结构的新型8×8 Butler矩阵。利用双层微波电路结构将器件分置于上下层以省略跨接器;采用两段近似λ_g/8阶梯耦合微带线Schiffman结构实现宽频带移相;采用三分支线定向耦合器作为宽带电桥。采用该方法设计并实现工作于C波段的8×8 Butler矩阵样品;实测结果表明,其可在(4.2~5.3)GHz范围内实现各端口回波损耗不大于10dB、端口隔离不小于17dB、功分比误差不超过±1.5dB、相位误差不大于±12°等指标,实测平均插入损耗约2.5dB。新型Butler矩阵较之采用跨接器的经典结构损耗小,更加适用于较大规模多波束成型网络。