空间材料质量损失和易挥发可凝物长期预测方法

文章从基本理论及相应试验两方面详细介绍了欧洲 ESA 空间研究技术中心(ESTEC)材料部建立的空间材料质量损失和易挥发可凝物长期预测的方法,并确认此种预测方法具有极高准确度。     

硼酸盐玻璃中稀土离子的发光研究

应用荧光光谱、红外振动光谱等研究了在可见光区发光的Ｐｒ（３＋），Ｓｍ（３＋），Ｅｕ（３＋），Ｔｂ（３＋），Ｄｙ（３＋），Ｅｒ（３＋）和Ｔｍ（３＋）等镧系稀土离子在硼酸盐玻璃中的发光行为，系统地分析了稀土离子在硼酸盐玻璃基质中的激发谱和发光谱特性。     

Acceleration of interplanetary pick-up ions and anomalous cosmic rays

It may not be doubted anymore that anomalous cosmic rays (ACRs) are produced in the heliosphere from interplanetary pick-up ions through their acceleration at the solar wind termination shock. However, there is no general agreement in the community of heliospheric researchers concerning the mechanism of injection of the pick-up ions into the shock acceleration. We discuss here three possible ways for pick-up ions to be involved into the acceleration process at the termination shock: (1) preacceleration of pick-up ions in the whole region from the Sun up to the termination shock by solar wind turbulences and interplanetary shock waves, (2) local preacceleration of pick-up ions in a vicinity of the termination shock by shock surfing, and (3) formation of high-velocity tails in pick-up ion spectra consisting of secondary pick-up ions which are produced in the supersonic solar wind due to ionization of energetic neutral atoms entering from the inner heliosheath.     

Avoid online radiation risk: Theoretical simulation of chromosome breaks in cells exposed to heavy ions

In this study, we report an easy and quick method on simulating chromosome breaks in cells exposed to heavy charged particles. The theoretical value of chromosome break was calculated, and validated comparison with experimental value by using premature chromosome condensation technique. A good consistency was found between theoretical and experimental value. This suggested that higher relative biological effectiveness of heavy ions was closely correlated with its physical characteristics. Also, a safe approach on predicting chromosome breaks in cells exposed to heavy ions at off-line environment can be considered. Furthermore, three key factors influencing the theoretical simulation was investigated and discussed.     

飞行器敏感系统在轨分子污染沾染量预估方法研究

空间环境下，材料出气引起的分子污染效应是影响飞行器寿命和可靠性的重要因素之一。本文就材料出气分子经历的出气、在空间的传播输运和沉积三个过程及有诸多污染出气源存在时，对敏感表面沉积量的影响等进行了研究。建立了针对飞行器敏感系统功能表面在轨分子污染沾染量的预估模型。并利用该理论模型，结合相机镜头结构和空间环境的使用条件，模拟计算其镜头表面在轨飞行期间的分子污染物沾染量随时间变化的结果，同时理论计算结果结合试验测试数据评估相机镜头的在轨使用业绩。结果表明，镜头由于分子污染物沉积引起光学透过率的衰减达30％以上。所得到的结论对完善飞行器的防污染设计，提高飞行器在轨期间安全和性能保障具有重要的参考意义。     

捕获加速新生离子对Alfvén波的激发

根据准线性方程,求出了在离子持续产生并被太阳风捕获加速的情况下离子的渐近态分布函数.采用此分布函数分析了斜向传播的Alfven波的稳定性.     

Low-dose carbon ion irradiation effects on DNA damage and oxidative stress in the mouse testis

To investigate the effects of low-dose carbon ion irradiation on reproductive system of mice, the testes of outbred Kunming strain mice were whole-body irradiated with 0, 0.05, 0.1, 0.5 and 1 Gy, respectively. We measured DNA double-strand breaks (DNA DSBs) and oxidative stress parameters including malondialdehyde (MDA) content, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, and testis weight and sperm count at 12 h, 21 d and 35 d after irradiation in mouse testis. At 12 h postirradiation, a significant increase in DNA DSB level but no pronounced alterations in MDA content or SOD activity were observed in 0.5 and 1 Gy groups compared with the control group. At 21 d postirradiation, there was a significant reduction in sperm count and distinct enhancements of DSB level and MDA content in 0.5 and 1 Gy groups in comparison with control. At 35 d postirradiation, the levels of DNA DSBs and MDA, and SOD activity returned to the baseline except for the MDA content in 1 Gy (P < 0.05), while extreme falls of sperm count were still observed in 0.5 (P < 0.01) and 1 Gy (P < 0.01) groups. For the 0.05 or 0.1 Gy group, no differences were found in DNA DSB level and MDA content between control and at 12 h, 21 d and 35 d after irradiation, indicating that lower doses of carbon ion irradiation have no significant influence on spermatogenesis processes. In this study, male germ cells irradiated with over 0.5 Gy of carbon ions are difficult to repair completely marked by the sperm count. Furthermore, these data suggest that the deleterious effects may be chronic or delayed in reproductive system after whole-body exposure to acute high-dose carbon ions.     

疏水改性ZSM-5吸附剂吸附CO2研究

传统方法采用5A沸石分子筛控制航天器舱内CO2浓度,因沸石与水蒸气的亲和力较大,在高湿度条件下将导致CO2吸附的失效。通过ZSM-5分子筛与无机硅粘结剂、助剂和水混合成面团状后挤压成形、干燥、焙烧,制备了一种分子筛吸附剂,经水蒸气/酸洗,疏水改性处理后,通过低温N2吸脱附、H2O/CO2吸附等温线、XRD等手段进行表征和评价。结果表明,所制备的疏水分子筛吸附剂比表面积达296m2/g,CO2的吸附性能略有提高,且疏水性优良,在90%相对湿度下吸水率只有约1%。     

Competing effects of surface catalysis and ablation in hypersonic reentry aerothermodynamic environment

Under hypersonic flow conditions, the complicated gas-graphene interactions including surface catalysis and surface ablation would occur concurrently and intervene together with the thermodynamic response induced by spacecraft reentry. In this work, the competing effects of surface heterogeneous catalytic recombination and ablation characteristics at elevated temperatures are investigated using the Reactive Molecular Dynamics(RMD) simulation method. A GasSurface Interaction(GSI) model is establi...