星载全球大气波动成像仪研究

在卫星上对中间层顶区域的气辉辐射成像观测, 对于全球大气波动的监测和研究具有重要的意义. 利用TDICCD对O₂A (0-0)气辉进行成像观测, 计算了曝光积分时间、信噪比和能达到的最高空间分辨率, 分析了地球自转对空间分辨率的影响, 在此基础上提出一种星载全球大气波动成像仪方案, 该方案可以观测垂直波长大于10km的大气波动, 最高水平分辨率可以达到0.33km.      

大气中层顶区域波相互作用的一个观测个例

利用SOUSY VHF雷达的观测数据分析了极区中层顶83.4-91.2km范围内大气风场波动的非线性相互作用。大气风场的谱在不同高度上均有明显的潮汐分量峰值，纬向风分量中35h波、半日潮和8.9h惯必重力波构成共振相互作用对，经向风分量中33h波、半日潮和19h惯性重力波构成共振相互作用对。双谱分析表明，这些共振对在许多高度上都发生耦合，35h或33h波振幅的极小值与半日潮的极大值出现的高度几乎相同，呈现出明显的非线性相互作用在空间上不是局域的，而是存在于中层顶区域的几乎所有高度上，这种相互作用不仅导致半日潮振幅随时间的变化，也使半日潮的振幅随空间变化。35h和33h波动可能是在其他时段或其他位置通过行星波与周日潮相互作用产生的，然后传播到观测点并与半日潮发生相互作用。     

Measurement of mesopause temperature from hydroxyl nightglow at Kolhapur (16.8°N, 74.2°E), India

The paper reports the nightglow observations of hydroxyl (8–3), (7–2) and (6–2) Meinel band carried out at a low latitude station Kolhapur (16.8°N, 74.2°E, dip latitude 10.6°N), India during November 2002 to May 2005 with the objective of investigating mesopause dynamics based on derived OH rotational temperature. Overall, 132 nights of quality data were collected using filter-tilting photometer and an all-sky scanning photometer. The mean mesopause temperature observed at Kolhapur is 195 ± 11, 196 ± 9 and 195 ± 7 K from OH (8–3), (7–2) and (6–2) band emissions, respectively, using transition probabilities given by Langhoff et al. [Langhoff, S.R., Werner, H.J., Rosmus, P. Theoretical transition probabilities for the OH Meinel system. Journal of Molecular Spectroscopy 118, 507–529, 1986]. Small wave-like variations (periodicities ∼ few hours) existing over long period variations in derived temperatures are also present. A steady decrease of emission intensities from evening to dawn hours has been observed in approximately 59% of nights. No significant change of nightly mean temperatures has been noted. Furthermore, about 62% of observed nightly mean temperatures lie within one error bar of MSISE-90 model predictions.     

北纬30°N中间层和低热层大气平均风中频雷达观测

利用武汉(30.5°N,114.4°W)中频雷达在2001年1月1日至3月18日、2002年2月5日至3月18日、2002年10月18日至12月31日期间,日本Yamagawa(31.2°N,130.6°W)中频雷达在1997年1月1日至10月17日期间的数据,分析北纬30°N地区上空60-98km高度的中间层、低热层大气平均风的变化规律,结果表明平均纬向风和经向风都具有明显的季节变化.平均纬向风在冬季基本为西风,随高度增加,西风减弱,甚至在上部会出现微弱的东风;夏季中间层表现为强烈的东风,低热层则为西风,风向转换高度在80km附近;春季和秋季为转换季节,在春季出现舌状东风结构.80km附近的平均经向风场在冬季以南风为主,在夏季则以北风为主.不同年份的平均风场存在年际变化性,但其气候变化特点非常相似.中频雷达观测结果与HWM93模式结果的气候变化特点符合很好,与其他纬度的平均纬向风气候变化特点基本类似.     

武汉上空中层顶大气重力波活动的钠层荧光激光雷达观测研究

从中国科学院武汉物理与数学研究所钠荧光激光雷达自1999年至今的观测数据中选取了分布于全年26天的数据进行重力波活动的分析研究.统计结果表明,武汉中层顶区的重力波活动非常频繁:26天总观测时间累计约为185.5 h,总共观测到124个重力波活动,平均发生频度为每小时0.7个波,且波的出现频度与地方时有一定关系.这些波的垂直波长主要分布在3-7km,垂直相速主要位于0.1-0.5 m/s.与国外报道的结果相比较,波长数值与分布较为一致,但相速明显较低.武汉中层顶区重力波活动的另一特点是多波过程很频繁,多、单波过程的出现比例约为3:2.利用钠层相对密度扰动时空图方法,给出了武汉中层顶区重力波传播和破碎现象的典型结果.还利用单色波模型对部分钠层数据进行了单色波相关参数的提取.      

Comparison of calculation models for determination of the mesopause temperature using SATI images

The Spectral Airglow Temperature Imager is an instrument for ground-based spectroscopic measurements of the night-glow atmosphere emissions. This instrument was developed specially for gravity wave investigation. The measured airglow spectra are matched to synthetic spectra calculated in advance for determination of the temperature in the mesopause region where the radiation maximum of some О₂ emissions is situated. The synthetic spectra are transformed into a format which corresponds to the measured spectra in order to be matched. This transformation is based on the known values of the refractive index and the central wavelength of the interference filter used. A substantial part of the processing algorithms of the SATI images is connected with determination of these two filter parameters. The results of the original and newly-proposed algorithms for filter parameter calculation and their importance for the final results for temperature determination on the basis of the О₂ (864–868 nm) emission measurements are presented.     

Gravity wave mixing effects on the OH*-layer

Based on an advanced numerical model for excited hydroxyl (OH*) we simulate the effects of gravity waves (GWs) on the OH*-layer in the upper mesosphere. The OH* model takes into account (1) production by the reaction of atomic hydrogen (H) with ozone (O₃), (2) deactivation by atomic oxygen (O), molecular oxygen (O₂), and molecular nitrogen (N₂), (3) spontaneous emission, and (4) loss due to chemical reaction with O. This OH* model is part of a chemistry-transport model (CTM) which is driven by the high-resolution dynamics from the KMCM (Kühlungsborn Mechanistic general Circulation Model) which simulates mid-frequency GWs and their effects on the mean flow in the MLT explicitly. We find that the maximum number density and the height of the OH*-layer peak are strongly determined by the distribution of atomic oxygen and by the temperature. As a results, there are two ways how GWs influence the OH*-layer: (1) through the instantaneous modulation by O and T on short time scales (a few hours), and (2) through vertical mixing of O (days to weeks). The instantaneous variations of the OH*-layer peak altitude due to GWs amount to 5–10 km. Such variations would introduce significant biases in the GW parameters derived from airglow when assuming a constant pressure level of the emission height. Performing a sensitivity experiment we find that on average, the vertical mixing by GWs moves the OH*-layer down by ~2 to 7 km and increases its number density by more than 50%. This effect is strongest at middle and high latitudes during winter where secondary GWs generated in the stratopause region account for large GW amplitudes.     

Multi-year behaviour of the midnight OH1 temperature according to observations at Zvenigorod over 2000–2016

Using spectral measurements of the hydroxyl airglow at the Zvenigorod station (56° N, 37° E), Moscow region, over 2000–2016, we obtained the long-term set of data comprising 1822 midnight values of the OH¹ temperature in the mesopause region. These data revealed a 17-year series of its mean annual values, as well as amplitudes and phases of the first two harmonics of its annual variation. The obtained parameters were analyzed to determine statistically relevant characteristics of their long-term variations. As a result, we found that the long-term behaviour of the mean annual OH¹ temperature features a small negative linear trend (?0.07 ± 0.03 K/year) over the addressed period. Besides, its dependence on solar activity is shown to be 4.1 ± 0.5 K/100 SFU. Regarding the long-term behaviour of the mean annual OH¹ temperature, we revealed the existence of two oscillations with 3-year (the amplitude being 1.3 ± 0.2 K) and 4.1-year (the amplitude being 0.6 ± 0.2 K) periods. We obtained empirical relations describing year-to-year variations in the amplitudes and phases of the annual and semi-annual harmonics.     

Meteor radar temperatures over Collm (51.3°N, 13°E)

The method of obtaining absolute temperature estimates by measuring the ambipolar diffusion coefficient with meteor radars in the mesopause region is basically well known. However, there is still a need to refine and adjust the background temperature gradient model which is necessary to calculate the temperature values. Therefore, a detailed comparison with independent temperature measurements is necessary to evaluate the performance of the method and to obtain more information about the temperature gradient. Recent studies provide some evidence that the impact of the gradient model on temperature estimates affects the absolute temperatures, but that it is of minor importance for wave analysis. This paper focuses on a detailed evaluation of the meteor radar temperatures by comparing them with SABER satellite and OH-emission mesopause region temperatures. The seasonal variation of the observed temperatures is well reproduced by the COMMA general circulation model.     

中层顶区钠层化学反应寿命的初步研究

利用本征值和本征矢量的分析方法，对钠层的光化学反应的寿命进行了研究，结果表明，利用该方法计算出的钠原子的化学寿命与传统理论有所不同．从而证明了在中层顶区，钠层的中上部的扰动主要受大气动力学过程的影响，钠层底部主要由光化学控制．这为利用钠层作为示踪剂研究中层顶大气动力学的理论提供了理论依据．