Asymmetries in Mars' Exosphere

Observations and simulations show that Mars' atmosphere has large seasonal variations. Total atmospheric density can have an order of magnitude latitudinal variation at exobase heights. By numerical simulations we show that these latitude variations in exobase parameters induce asymmetries in the hydrogen exosphere that propagate to large distances from the planet. We show that these asymmetries in the exosphere produce asymmetries in the fluxes of energetic neutral atoms (ENAs) and soft X-rays produced by charge exchange between the solar wind and exospheric hydrogen. This could be an explanation for asymmetries that have been observed in ENA and X-ray fluxes at Mars.     

High energy-density propulsion—reducing the risk to humans in planetary exploration

The potential benefits to humankind of space exploration are tremendous. Space is not only the final frontier but is also the next marketplace. The orbital space above Earth offers tremendous opportunities for both strategic assets and commercial development. The critical obstacle retarding the use of the space around the Earth is the lack of low cost access to orbit. Further out, the next giant leap for mankind will be the human exploration of Mars. Almost certainly within the next 30 years, a human crew will brave the isolation, the radiation, and the lack of gravity to walk on and explore the Red planet. Both of these missions will change the outlook and perspective of every human being on the planet. However, these missions are expensive and extremely difficult. Chemical propulsion has demonstrated an inability to achieve orbit cheaply and is a very high-risk option to accomplish the Mars mission. An alternative solution is to develop a high performance propulsion system. Nuclear propulsion has the potential to be such a system. The question will be whether humanity is willing to take on the challenge.     

通用模拟示波器故障的分析与诊断

本文将通用模拟示波器电路分成五部分，总结和分析了每一部分电路故障可能引起的几种异常显示，给出了每一部分电路故障诊断方法及在相应电路中出现故障的常见器件，对有些故障与故障现象之间的因果关系做了进一步分析。     

Digital Aircraft Sheet Metal Part Manufacturing System and Its Key Technology

The architecture of digital sheet metal manufacturing system is proposed based on the classification of sheet metal manufacturing information.The essence of digital manufacturing is the definition,management and transfer of information,and the key technologies are brought forward and described.It is pointed out that knowledge-based manufacturing elements design is necessary to make digital technology efficient.The management of all kinds of sheet metal manufacturing element information is to build single source of manufacturing data.Multi-state model-based digital transfer and coordination method is designed to provide a foundation for digital manufacturing of aircraft sheet metal part.The application of digital sheet metal manufacturing is exemplified with an aircraft sheet metal part.The application result is compared to that of the traditional analog transfer technology.It is shown that the developed technology can improve part quality,shorten manufacturing time and lower manufacturing cost.     

火星探测用降落伞研制试验简介

文章主要介绍了美国火星探测用降落伞研制过程以及在研制过程中的一些主要试验，并同时指出了试验中的一些特点。     

电路特性仿真软件OrCAD／Pspice的应用

本文通过实例介绍了电路仿真特性软件OrCAD／Pspice在模拟电路、数字电路及数模混合电路几方面的应用。     

攻击活动目标的一种最优弹道估计

 为分析活动目标的随机飞行状态和减小导弹的脱靶量,提出了数学模拟打靶的一种新方法。其中包括卡尔曼滤波理论结合最大似然法的应用,以及建立相对运动的离散化模型和灵敏度矩阵。为改善飞行状态的估计精度,论述了确立飞行弹道修正协方差矩阵的概念。除此之外,还讨论了导引敏感器静态误差影响脱靶量的估计问题。     

Global Response of Martian Plasma Environment to an Interplanetary Structure: From Ena and Plasma Observations at Mars

As a part of the global plasma environment study of Mars and its response to the solar wind, we have analyzed a peculiar case of the subsolar energetic neutral atom (ENA) jet observed on June 7, 2004 by the Neutral Particle Detector (NPD) on board the Mars Express satellite. The “subsolar ENA jet” is generated by the interaction between the solar wind and the Martian exosphere, and is one of the most intense sources of ENA flux observed in the vicinity of Mars. On June 7, 2004 (orbit 485 of Mars Express), the NPD observed a very intense subsolar ENA jet, which then abruptly decreased within ∼10 sec followed by quasi-periodic (∼1 min) flux variations. Simultaneously, the plasma sensors detected a solar wind structure, which was most likely an interplanetary shock surface. The abrupt decrease of the ENA flux and the quasi-periodic flux variations can be understood in the framework of the global response of the Martian plasma obstacle to the interplanetary shock. The generation region of the subsolar ENA jet was pushed towards the planet by the interplanetary shock; and therefore, Mars Express went out of the ENA jet region. Associated global vibrations of the Martian plasma obstacle may have been the cause of the quasi-periodic flux variations of the ENA flux at the spacecraft location.     

现代模拟电路故障诊断方法发展综述

模拟电路故障诊断技术近年来得到了迅速发展,取得了许多可喜的成果。该文探讨了这一领域中一些重要的热门研究问题,主要包括:基于专家系统、神经网络、模糊理论、小波变换等理论发展起来的模拟电路故障诊断的新理论和新方法;重点介绍了作者总结的上述各种方法的基本原理、优缺点及其发展现状;对其他一些智能方法也进行了简要介绍;最后指出了模拟电路故障诊断技术的发展趋势。