Far-UVC light as a new tool to reduce microbial burden during spacecraft assembly

This work aims to investigate far-UVC light at 222 nm as a new microbial reduction tool for planetary protection purposes which could potentially be integrated into the spacecraft assembly process. The major advantage of far-UVC (222 nm) compared to traditional germicidal UVC (254 nm) is the potential for application throughout the spacecraft assembly process in the presence of humans without adverse health effects due to the limited penetration of far-UVC light into biological materials. Testing the efficacy of 222-nm light at inactivating hardy bacterial cells and spores isolated from spacecraft and associated surfaces is a necessary step to evaluate this technology. We assessed survival of Bacillus pumilus SAFR-032 and Acinetobacter radioresistens 50v1 exposed to 222-nm light on proxy spacecraft surfaces simulated by drying the bacteria on aluminum coupons. The survival fraction of both bacteria followed a single stage decay function up to 60 mJ/cm², revealing similar susceptibility of both species to 222-nm light, which was independent of the exposure rate. Irradiation with far-UVC light at 222 nm is an effective method to decontaminate the proxy spacecraft materials tested in this study.     

γ辐照对铷频标物理部分参数影响的研究

通过γ辐照试验,分析了辐照对铷频标物理部分各项参数的影响。辐照后,振荡回路的电流变化对频标准确度的影响可忽略不计;光电二极管受辐照后会使短期稳定度变差,辐照剂量率小于1 400 rad（Si）/h,不会对频标的短稳性能产生显著影响;控温电路受辐照后会引起控温点移动,从而改变频率准确度。     

典型CMOS存储器电离辐照效应

对电离辐照环境中典型CMOS存储器的辐照效应进行了研究。分析了SRAM,EEPROM,FLASH ROM存储器在^60Coγ射线辐照及辐照后不同退火过程中,CMOS存储器的集成度、辐照偏置、退火时间和温度与电离辐照效应的关系。结果发现：不加电（冷备份）状态的^60Coγ射线辐照过程中,存储器的逻辑状态翻转出现较正常工作状态推迟1个量级以上;随着集成度的提高,SRAM,EEPROM存储器的辐照敏感度降低;试验器件经不同剂量的^60Coγ射线辐照后在不同温度下退火,所有试验器件均出现了逻辑状态翻转。     

核热推进地面试验技术研究

核热推进具有比冲高、推力大等特点,在载人深空探测和星际货运任务上具有广阔应用前景。核热推进技术的研发需要进行大量地面试验。首先回顾了美国与俄罗斯的核热推进地面试验技术的发展,对地面试验技术进行分类总结。然后基于一种小型核火箭方案,研究了燃料元件非核试验、燃料元件辐照考验试验和带核整机地面试验等关键地面试验技术,并提出了初步试验方案。最后对我国核热推进地面试验的发展提出了一些建议。     

Blood and small intestine cell kinetics under radiation exposures: Mathematical modeling

Mathematical models which describe the dynamics of two vital body systems (hematopoiesis and small intestinal epithelium) in mammals exposed to acute and chronic radiation are developed. These models, based on conventional biological theories, are implemented as systems of nonlinear differential equations. Their variables and constant parameters have clear biological meaning, that provides successful identification and verification of the models in hand. It is shown that the predictions of the models qualitatively and quantitatively agree with the respective experimental data for small laboratory animals (mice, rats) exposed to acute/chronic irradiation in wide ranges of doses and dose rates. The explanation of a number of radiobiological effects, including those of the low-level long-term exposures, is proposed proceeding from the modeling results. All this bears witness to the validity of employment of the developed models, after a proper identification, in investigation and prediction of radiation effects on the hematopoietic and small intestinal epithelium systems in various mammalian species, including humans. In particular, the models can be used for estimating effects of irradiation on astronauts in the long-term space missions, such as Lunar colonies and Mars voyages.     

太阳模拟器光照不均匀性的研究

辐照不均匀性是太阳模拟器的一项主要技术指标.首先通过对国内外辐照不均匀性测量装置进行了充分的调研,决定采用“决门法”设计完成了辐照不均匀性的测量装置.接着通过试验证明了晴空无遮挡的太阳光可以作为该装置的标准光源并进行了该装置的标定.然后,利用该装置对自然光源进行了测试,结果与利用标准表测试一致.最后,利用该装置对脉冲式太阳模拟器的辐照不均匀性进行了现场测试.     

Effects of Atomic Oxygen Irradiation on Transparent Conductive Oxide Thin Films

作为一种功能薄膜,透明导电氧化物(TCO)薄膜在飞行器的抗原子氧(AO)涂层和太阳能电池领域有着巨大的应用价值。ZnO:Al(ZAO)和In2O3:Sn(ITO)薄膜是目前研究和应用最广泛的TCO。本文对ITO薄膜和ZAO薄膜进行了不同通量的AO辐照。通过对辐照前后样品的X射线衍射、扫描电镜及霍耳效应的表征及测试,研究了AO辐照对这两种TCO薄膜的结构、性能及电学特性的影响。研究表明AO辐照对ZAO薄膜表面有明显的侵蚀作用,但对其结构和导电性能没有明显影响。对于ITO薄膜,随着AO通量的增大,其载流子浓度逐渐下降从而导致了电阻率的提高,电阻率的最大变化达到了21.7%。     

航天器用新型聚酰亚胺薄膜性能研究

原子氧是低地球轨道环境中对航天器影响较为严重的因素之一. 为了提高聚酰亚胺薄膜抗原子氧侵蚀的性能, 依据结构与性能的关系, 设计合成了新型的聚酰亚胺薄膜. 采用这种新型聚酰亚胺薄膜制备了二次表面镜, 利用地面模拟设备对热控涂层进行原子氧暴露试验, 结果表明其具有优异的耐原子氧侵蚀性能. 此外, 真空elax-elax紫外、真空elax-elax质子、真空elax-elax电子辐照等空间环境模拟试验表明, 这种耐原子氧聚酰亚胺薄膜二次表面镜热控涂层具有良好的空间稳定性.      

A study on the resistance performance of epoxy nano-composites under the vacuum ultraviolet irradiation

Irradiation damage effects of the epoxy resin 648 and epoxy nano-composites are studied by means of simulating the vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) irradiation whose wavelength ranges from 5 to 200 nm. Experimental results of the mass loss, SEM and XPS show that nano-TiO₂ particles exhibit better resistance performance under VUV. Comparing with epoxy resin, the epoxy nano-composite brings significantly less mass loss, slighter flexural strength variation and decreasing gas extraction with less gas component varieties after irradiation. What is more, no new carbon peak-value has been found and principle components of O_ls peak-value remain unchanged on the surface.     

光学遥感器光电信号处理系统的空间辐射效应研究

文章针对光学遥感器光电信号处理系统,描述了空间辐射效应研究的方法和途径。首先介绍了光学遥感器常用运行轨道的空间辐射环境,然后选择光学遥感器的光电信号处理系统作为分析模型,介绍了光电信号处理系统的电路组成和主要元器件,从器件级、电路级到系统级对空间辐射效应的危害性进行分析,并且结合元器件的抗辐射性能现状,归纳了辐射效应的薄弱环节及主要元器件需要进行的辐照试验。最后对空间辐射效应研究的方法和步骤进行了总结。