微波辐射特性研究概览

微波辐射特性的研究为被动微波遥感和制导等提供基础的理论、方法、实验数据和结果。系统地阐述了微波辐射特性研究的两种方法 ,重点讨论了亮度温度的各种反演方法 ,最后指出了微波辐射特性研究的其它一些值得注意的问题     

The ground GNSS tomography – unconstrained approach

The GNSS signal along its more than 20,000 km line of sight is bended, attenuated and delayed. These effects are results of the Earth’s atmosphere, and Sun radiation. Amongst all mentioned effects the one considered in this paper is a signal phase delay in troposphere.     

一种星-箭连接动态界面力的深度学习反演方法

针对于星-箭连接动态界面力无法通过力传感器直接测量,且典型时域动载反演方法难以准确计算界面力的时域变化等难点,提出了基于长短时记忆(LSTM)神经网络的星-箭界面力深度学习反演方法。首先通过卫星地面测试试验得到数据依据,以卫星主体结构的加速度测量数据为输入层,以星-箭界面力测量数据为输出层,利用LSTM神经网络建立输入和输出间的反演映射关系模型,实现卫星在发射过程中较高精度的界面力反演。进而,设计并开展了某典型卫星结构的正弦扫频和随机振动实验,测试LSTM界面力反演方法的可行性。结果分析可知,所提出的基于LSTM深度学习反演方法能够精确地获得动态界面力时程数据,两项性能指标均优于目前典型的载荷反演方法。     

The effect of spatial truncation error on variance of gravity anomalies derived from inversion of satellite orbital and gradiometric data

The spatial truncation error (STE) is a significant systematic error in the integral inversion of satellite gradiometric and orbital data to gravity anomalies at sea level. In order to reduce the effect of STE, a larger area than the desired one is considered in the inversion process, but the anomalies located in its central part are selected as the final results. The STE influences the variance of the results as well because the residual vector, which is contaminated with STE, is used for its estimation. The situation is even more complicated in variance component estimation because of its iterative nature. In this paper, we present a strategy to reduce the effect of STE on the a posteriori   variance factor and the variance components for inversion of satellite orbital and gradiometric data to gravity anomalies at sea level. The idea is to define two windowing matrices for reducing this error from the estimated residuals and anomalies. Our simulation studies over Fennoscandia show that the differences between the 0.5°×0.5°$0.5°\times 0.5°$ gravity anomalies obtained from orbital data and an existing gravity model have standard deviation (STD) and root mean squared error (RMSE) of 10.9 and 12.1 mGal, respectively, and those obtained from gradiometric data have 7.9 and 10.1 in the same units. In the case that they are combined using windowed variance components the STD and RMSE become 6.1 and 8.4 mGal. Also, the mean value of the estimated RMSE after using the windowed variances is in agreement with the RMSE of the differences between the estimated anomalies and those obtained from the gravity model.     

Fault rupture model of the 2008 Dangxiong (Tibet,China) Mw 6.3 earthquake from Envisat and ALOS data

On October 6, 2008, an Mw 6.3 earthquake occurred in Dangxiong county, southern Tibetan Plateau. In this study, Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) images from Envisat ASAR C-band descending Track 176 and ALOS PALSAR L-band ascending Track 500 are processed to generate the coseismic deformation caused by the earthquake. To estimate the source model, a downhill simplex non-linear inversion method is used to determine the fault rupture geometry, and an automatic fault discretization technique is employed to divide the fault plane to construct the optimal slip model, in which the uncertainties of the fault parameters are assessed by a Monte Carlo method. The inversion results show that the earthquake strikes almost south–north and has a normal faulting focal mechanism with rake angle and slip of −111.7° and 1.33 m, respectively. Peak slip of 2.15 m is located at a depth of 7.5 km. The estimated geodetic moment is 4.06 × 10¹⁸ N m (Mw 6.37), 71.2% of which is released in the depth range 4.5–11 km. The slip model suggests that coseismic slip also takes place at some fault patches near the earth’s surface and postseismic afterslip occurs below the coseismic rupture area after the earthquake.     

LEO卫星轨道误差对无线电掩星反演大气参数的影响

采用数值方法估计了LEO卫星轨道误差对无线电掩星反演大气参数的影响。并将其应用于1995年10月11日的某次掩星事件的观测资料处理和分析，得到了LEO卫星轨道误差对无线电掩星反演大气参数影响的定量结果。     

中国武汉上空钠层分布的实验观测与理论模拟

介绍了中国科学院武汉物理与数学研究所钠层荧光激光雷达及其观测数据反演方法;对武汉上空钠层分布进行了初步理论模拟,并与观测结果进行了比较,对影响武汉上空钠层分布的因素进行了初步讨论。     

变旋翼转速飞行控制对涡轴发动机输出响应的影响

为探明变旋翼转速条件下飞行控制对涡轴发动机输出响应的影响,在变旋翼转速直升机/传动机构/发动机综合仿真平台的基础上,考虑系统不确定因素的存在,提出并设计了增量式非线性动态逆飞行控制器,提高对系统的控制效果,控制器主要包括角速率控制器、姿态角控制器和航迹控制器;由于执行机构的物理限制,引入伪控制模块,以提高系统的稳定性。典型的飞行任务下的仿真结果表明：相对于增量式非线性动态逆飞行控制器而言,伪控制模块不仅可显著提升飞行控制效果,使爬升速度的超调量减小50%以上,还可有效减小动力涡轮转速的超调量9.0%左右,有助于增强发动机的动态控制品质。     

A new inversion algorithm for HF sky-wave backscatter ionograms

HF sky-wave backscatter sounding system is capable of measuring the large-scale, two-dimensional (2-D) distributions of ionospheric electron density. The leading edge (LE) of a backscatter ionogram (BSI) is widely used for ionospheric inversion since it is hardly affected by any factors other than ionospheric electron density. Traditional BSI inversion methods have failed to distinguish LEs associated with different ionospheric layers, and simply utilize the minimum group path of each operating frequency, which generally corresponds to the LE associated with the F₂ layer. Consequently, while the inversion results can provide accurate profiles of the F region below the F₂ peak, the diagnostics may not be so effective for other ionospheric layers. In order to resolve this issue, we present a new BSI inversion method using LEs associated with different layers, which can further improve the accuracy of electron density distribution, especially the profile of the ionospheric layers below the F₂ region. The efficiency of the algorithm is evaluated by computing the mean and the standard deviation of the differences between inverted parameter values and true values obtained from both vertical and oblique incidence sounding. Test results clearly manifest that the method we have developed outputs more accurate electron density profiles due to improvements to acquire the profiles of the layers below the F₂ region. Our study can further improve the current BSI inversion methods on the reconstruction of 2-D electron density distribution in a vertical plane aligned with the direction of sounding.     

冬季桃仙机场持续大雾天气成因分析与应急服务

利用常规观测资料,对2011年11月26-28日沈阳桃仙机场出现持续大雾天气进行客观分析与应急服务总结。结果表明:此次大雾的天气过程具有混合型的特点,雾的性质随着时空变化而转变,由锋面雾、辐射雾和平流雾交替转换。其中,冬季桃仙机场"口袋型"地势与地面风配合有利于大雾的形成与维持;850-700hPa之间弱的正散度区,促进了上升运动区与下沉运动区的界面中的逆温层的维持;后续925 hPa低空湍流的发展对大雾消散起到了关键作用。