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Martin A. Lee 《Space Science Reviews》2007,130(1-4):221-229
Gradual solar energetic particle (SEP) events are evidently accelerated by coronal/interplanetary shocks driven by coronal
mass ejections. This talk addresses the different factors which determine the composition of the accelerated ions. The first
factor is the set of available seed populations including the solar wind core and suprathermal tail, remnant impulsive events
from preceding solar flares, and remnant gradual events. The second factor is the fractionation of the seed ions by the injection
process, that is, what fraction of the ions are extracted by the shock to participate in diffusive shock acceleration. Injection
is a controversial topic since it depends on the detailed electromagnetic structure of the shock transition and the transport
of ions in these structured fields, both of which are not well understood or determined theoretically. The third factor is
fractionation during the acceleration process, due to the dependence of ion transport in the turbulent electromagnetic fields
adjacent to the shock on the mass/charge ratio. Of crucial importance in the last two factors is the magnetic obliquity of
the shock. The form of the proton-excited hydromagnetic wave spectrum is also important. Finally, more subtle effects on ion
composition arise from the superposition of ion contributions over the time history of the shock along the observer’s magnetic
flux tube, and the sequence of flux tubes sampled by the observer. 相似文献
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随着航空航天装备的快速发展,对飞行器装备的可靠性要求逐渐提高,飞机锁类机构的可靠性对飞机起降的安全至关重要。以飞机舱门锁机构为研究对象,首先通过文献调研了大量舱门锁机构并分析了锁机构的特点和失效模式,阐述了锁机构的工作原理。其次综述了锁机构失效机理建模、机构渐变损伤的研究现状以及目前存在的问题,分析了国内外有关锁机构可靠性的研究现状;并针对多连杆机构可靠性分析和锁机构可靠性分析进行了分类梳理。最后对锁机构的可靠性分析研究思路进行总结,并对目前复杂锁机构的可靠性分析存在的问题及其研究趋势进行了展望。 相似文献
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《Advances in Space Research (includes Cospar's Information Bulletin, Space Research Today)》2020,65(6):1607-1614
In this paper, we extend the stability analysis of cold sharp shear flows to warm astrophysical cases with, inevitable, gradual velocity gradient in the interface region in the presence of viscosity effect. Using linear perturbation theory as well as the local approximation method, the instability growth rate of the excited electromagnetic modes has been investigated for the relativistic and non-relativistic cases of solar wind interacting with interstellar plasma medium. Results show that astrophysical shear systems with a small velocity gradient in the transition region are more stable rather than larger ones. Moreover, dependent on the viscosity coefficient value, the viscosity effects could have a positive role on the instability growth rate of the system in some range of initial bulk velocity, while it plays a destructive role in other velocity ranges. 相似文献
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提出一种将飞行器参数化建模、灵敏度分析与气动/隐身综合优化设计相结合的方法.该方法的流程为:(1)建立面向多学科设计的参数化模型,提取分级参数;(2)对分级参数进行灵敏度分析,筛选设计变量;(3)基于分级优化流程,应用多目标优化算法进行飞行器气动/隐身综合优化设计.以一个四尾翼布局飞行器气动/隐身综合优化设计为例,阐述流程的实现过程,结果表明这种方法具有如下优点:(1)多学科参数化建模为气动和隐身性能分析提供统一的参数化模型;(2)使用灵敏度分析工具对分级设计参数进行筛选,精简优化设计任务;(3)基于分级参数和灵敏度分析进行分级优化设计,优化适应值提高56.1%,耗时减少57.02%. 相似文献
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D.B. Berdichevsky D.V. Reames C.-C. Wu R. Schwenn R.P. Lepping R.J. MacDowall C.J. Farrugia J.-L. Bougeret C. Ng A.J. Lazarus 《Advances in Space Research (includes Cospar's Information Bulletin, Space Research Today)》2009
We revisit the transient interplanetary events of January 1 and September 23, 1978. Using in-situ and remote sensing observations at locations widely separated in longitudes and distances from the Sun, we infer that in both cases the overall shock surface had a very fast “nose” region with speeds >900 and >1500 km−1 in the January and September events, respectively, and much slower flank speeds (∼600 km−1 or less), suggesting a shock surface with a strong speed gradient with heliospheric longitude. The shock-nose regions are thus likely efficient acceleration sites of MeV ions, even at 1 AU from the Sun. Our 3D magnetohydrodynamics modeling suggests that a 24° × 24° localized disturbance at 18 solar radii injecting momentum 100 times the background solar wind input over 1 h can produce a disturbance in semi-quantitative agreement with the observed shock arrival time, plasma density and velocity time series in the January 1978 event. 相似文献
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