An innovative approach for integrated airline network and aircraft family optimization

The determination of optimal aerial transport networks and their associated flight frequencies is crucial for the strategic planning of airlines, as well as for carrying out market research, to establish target markets, and for aircraft and crew rostering. In addition, optimum airplane types for the selected networks are crucial to improve revenue and to provide reduced operating costs. The present study proposes an innovative approach to determine the optimal aerial transport network simultaneously with the determination of the optimum fleet for that network, composed of three types of airplanes (network and vehicle integrated design). The network profit is maximized. The passenger’s demands between the airports are determined via a gravitational model. An embedded linear programming solution is responsible for obtaining potential optimal network configurations. The optimum fleet combination is determined from a database of candidate aircraft designs via genetic algorithm. A truly realistic airplane representation is made possible thanks to accurate surrogate models for engine and aerodynamics is adopted. An accurate engine deck encompassing a compression map and an innovative engine weight calculation besides an aerodynamical artificial neural network module enable a high degree of accuracy for the mission analysis. The proposed methodology is applied to obtain the optimum network comprised of twenty main Brazilian airports and corresponding fleet.     

Solar and Heliospheric Modulation of Galactic Cosmic Rays

The significance of external influences on the environment of Earth and its atmosphere has become evident during recent years. Especially, on time scales of several hundred years, the cosmogenic isotope concentration during the Wolf-, Spoerer-, Maunder- and Dalton-Minimum indicates an increased cosmic ray flux. Because these grand minima of solar activity coincide with cold periods, a correlation of the Earth climate with the cosmic ray intensities is plausible. Any quantitative study of the effects of energetic particles on the atmosphere and environment of the Earth must address their transport to Earth and their interactions with the Earth’s atmosphere including their filtering by the terrestrial magnetosphere. The first problem is one of the fundamental problems in modern cosmic ray astrophysics, and corresponding studies began in the 1960s based on Parker’s cosmic ray modulation theory taking into account diffusion, convection, adiabatic deceleration, and (later) the drift of energetic particles in the global heliospheric magnetic field. It is well established that all of these processes determining the modulation of cosmic rays are depending on parameters that are varying with the solar magnetic cycle. Therefore, the galactic cosmic ray intensities close to Earth is the result of a complex modulation of the interstellar galactic spectrum within the heliosphere. The modern view of this cosmic ray modulation is summarized in our contribution.     

工业远程监控系统实施新方案

近期远程监控系统在工业中逐步推广,针对工业系统的特点和工业网络的实际情况,在原有工业系统的基础上,增加现场设备区域的图像监控和数据传输功能,提出了一种工业远程监控系统实施方案。本文论述了该系统的结构、原理及实现方法,经具体实施证明,本文提出的方案已基本能够满足一个通用的基于公用网络的远程视频监控系统的要求,体现了较重要的理论价值和很强的工程实用价值。     

运载火箭阻尼安装板的设计

 <正>运载火箭在起飞和着陆时的瞬态载荷和飞行过程中的气动力的随机激励都是宽频带的。在这种环境中安装精密仪器的仪表板若采用过去常规的橡皮减振器减振已很难保证在较宽频带内都能起到应有的减振作用。利用阻尼材料做成的夹层板减振，国内外已做了大量的工作^[t~3]，取得了较为明显的效果。本文针对产品设计中要解决的减振问题，提出了设计思想、计算分析与试验方法。     

WTO航空运输服务贸易自由化与中国民航的改革

航空运输作为一种服务商品，自WTO成立才开始纳入多边贸易体制中。就目前WTO多边贸易体制下航空运输服务自由化的内容和特点进行了介绍和分析，并就WTO新一轮多边贸易谈判中的航空运输服务进行了评介。同时，结合中国加入WTO，对中国民航的改革提出了几点意见。     

试论CIS战略在航空运输企业的实施

自从IBM公司首创CIS战略并取得极大成功以来,CIS的浪潮风起云涌。国内最早的CIS由太阳神引发,此后历经十几年的积淀,出现了海尔、联想等范例。当今,中国航空运输企业要进入国际市场,同样离不开深刻、完整的CIS和与之相关的品牌运作的理念。以“势”的运用为核心,分析CIS战略在航空运输企业的运作过程,目的在于通过CIS战略的实施,确立企业的品牌形象,提升企业的综合竞争能力,使其在国际市场的竞争中占有一席之地。     

考虑配平特性的超声速客机低声爆气动布局优化研究

降低声爆水平是下一代超声速运输机研制需要解决的关键问题之一。低声爆优化通常使飞行器布局向着机翼后掠角增大、机翼沿机身方向分布范围增大的趋势发展,给飞行器的配平和低速特性带来不利影响。以某超声速客机基本构型为研究对象,建立基于类别/形状函数的翼身组合体参数化建模方法;基于超声速线化理论分析外形几何参数对声爆水平的影响。在此基础上,分别针对机身轮廓、机翼平面形状以及扭转角分布对该构型进行低声爆优化和俯仰力矩特性优化,并采用CFD 方法对优化结果进行校核。结果表明：与基准构型相比,在不显著增加俯仰力矩的基础上,优化构型的阻力降低了19 cts,近场过压显著降低,地面声爆响度降低5.1 PLdB。     

大上翘机身后体设计方法

 在具有大上翘角的运输机机身后体设计中,目前国际上多以上翘角、长细比、收缩比和扁平度4种主要几何参数作为机身后体的设计原则。以国际上3种典型运输机为研究原型,构造了3种大上翘后体机身模型,采用计算流体力学(CFD)方法,研究了3种机身的阻力与绕流特性,综合分析了上翘角、长细比、收缩比和扁平度4种几何参数对机身阻力和绕流特性的影响及其描述大上翘后体形状对阻力特性影响的适用性。研究结果表明：仅占总阻力15％～20％的压差阻力决定机身的阻力特性,机身减阻应从减小压差阻力入手;后体截面形状是影响压差阻力的关键因素,而扁平度不能准确完整地描述后体截面形状对压差阻力的影响,采用近圆度及其沿机身轴线的变化描述后体截面形状的影响更为合理。提出了应以上翘角、长细比、收缩比、近圆度和近圆度沿机身轴线的变化率5种参数为主作为大上翘机身后体设计原则。     

高速风洞试验中运输机支撑形式的选择

合理选择模型的支撑形式和解决支架干扰问题是准确获取气动力数据的关键因素。为了寻找一种合适的运输类飞机在高速风洞试验中的支撑形式,首先通过计算分析和试验验证,给出了运输类飞机高速风洞试验中30°尾支撑支架干扰问题存在的原因,然后根据0°、5°、15°以及30°不同尾支撑形式的计算分析和专项试验论证结果,提出并验证了小角度尾支撑是现阶段运输类飞机高速风洞试验中最合理、最有效的支撑形式。     

大飞机布局模型跨声速风洞实验尾支撑干扰研究

对某大飞机布局风洞实验尾支撑干扰开展了数值模拟和实验研究,发展的数值方法计算结果与风洞实验结果有很好的一致性。对于类似构型的飞机,在迎角-2°～6°范围,可认为尾支撑干扰量随迎角呈线性变化,采用前位叶片支撑作为辅助支撑带来的二次干扰量可以忽略,新型双天平辅助支撑系统试验进一步验证了这一结果;尾支撑对机身、尾翼、机翼等部件的绕流都有影响,干扰量随构型而变,对阻力、力矩影响较大,且随Ma数变化,因此不同构型实验数据需要单独修正。所发展的带风洞支撑系统的数值模拟软件能够满足工程应用要求,可用于支撑干扰修正研究以及风洞实验支撑系统优化设计。