Experimental investigation on silica dust lofting due to charging within micro-cavities and surface electric field in the vacuum chamber

The charged dust particles can be mobilized electrostatically by the repulsion between the adjacent grains and the surface electric field due to the incoming electron current and the charge accumulation within the micro-cavities. In this study, the experimental results of the initial vertical launching velocities and the maximum dust heights are compared with the estimated values for the lofted spherical dust grains by the patch surface charging equations. Silica particles with the sizes between <6 and 45?µm in radius are loaded on a graphite plate, and they are exposed to the electron beam with 450?eV energy under 4?×?10^?3?Pa vacuum chamber pressure. During the first set of the experiments, the dust samples are tested without an initial compression process and an additional horizontal electric field. Second, the dust samples are compressed by two different weights in order to increase the packing density under approximately 780.7?Pa and 3780?Pa. Finally, the dust grains are placed between the two parallel aluminum plates to apply approximately 2000?V/m and 4800?V/m horizontal electric field. A high-speed camera is used to record the transportation of the dust grains together with a microscopic telescope, and the results point out that the patch surface dust-charging model estimations are in agreement with the first experiments. On the other hand, the dust particles from the compressed samples are lofted with higher velocities than the estimations, and the number of the dust lofting observations decreases significantly, which demonstrates the importance of the micro-cavities and the increased charging requirement to overcome the contact forces. When the horizontal electric field is present, the initial vertical launching velocities are measured to be lower than the other experiments, which can be attributed to the decreased charging requirement for the dust lofting as a result of inter-particle collisions and rolling motion. According to the experimental results, the electrostatic dust transportation can be controlled not only by the ambient plasma and the solar irradiation on the airless planetary bodies, but also by the surface properties such as the contact surfaces between the dust grains, the number of the micro-cavities related to the packing density, and the presence of the horizontal electric field contributing to the external forces by other particle motions.     

A Revisit of the Phobos Events

The magnetic field disturbances detected by the Phobos-2 spacecraft in 1989 have been suggested to be caused by a ring of dust and/or gas emitted from the Martian moon, Phobos. The physical nature of these ``Phobos events' is examined using results from related investigations over the last twenty years. It is concluded that there is no clear evidence at present to support the association of magnetic field disturbances in the solar wind with Phobos. The situation will be further clarified taking advantage of the multi-spacecraft observations of the Yinghuo-1(YH-1), Mars Express and MAVEN missions beginning in 2012. It is expected that many novel features of solar wind interaction with Phobos (and possibly also Deimos) itself will also be revealed.      

G-16EP通用航空电瓶充放电及寿命研究

为了对G-16EP型电瓶进行维护和保养,根据电瓶厂家规定和适航规范,总结了该型电瓶的充电和容量测试（放电）方法,指出了影响电瓶寿命的主要因素,为该型号电瓶的维护提供了参考。     

便携式充电设备检测系统的研究与设计

为了便于充电设备现场检测工作,设计了一种便携式直流充电设备现场检测系统。该系统功能具有完善的测试功能,能够方便的对直流充电设备进行检验测试,完全满足直流充电设备运行检测的需求。该系统具有小型化、便携化的优点,有利于提高现场检测效率,保证了充电设备运行的安全性及稳定性。     

航天器内带电效应的微弱电流监测技术

航天器的内带电效应是影响其在轨稳定运行的重要因素.内带电效应的电流监测可以直接获得一手的内带电效应监测数据,也可获得反映引起内带电效应的高能电子充电环境的状态.针对近地中高地球轨道环境,基于国外电流监测数据并考虑可能遭遇的高能电子暴环境,分析获得了内带电效应电流的测量范围10 fA～500 pA.针对未来中高轨及木星、...     

一种新型空间锂电池快速充电方法

为克服传统大功率微波遥感类卫星"恒流转恒压"策略单一、充电时间漫长等缺点,文章基于马斯三定律提出了一种旨在去极化、加快充电进程的新型空间锂电池快速充电策略,即在一个充电周期内,采用多阶分段恒流充电并加入固定门限的短时放电,该方法可提高锂电池可允许充电电流并且不降低电池循环寿命。在MATLAB/SIMULINK软件中搭建基于太阳电池阵顺序开关分流的一次母线电压不调节电源系统仿真模型,并进行了实例仿真与对比分析。结果表明,采用快速充电策略可节省充电时间56%以上,并且可有效消除充电极化。文章的研究结果可为未来在轨对锂电池进行多模式充电控制提供新的思路。     

航天器表面充电仿真计算和电位主动控制技术

文章运用等效电路理论推导出随时间变化充电问题的微分方程组,用FORTRAN语言开发了相应的计算机模拟程序,针对强地磁亚暴空间环境分析了地球同步轨道航天器在阴影区和光照区的充电水平。最后计算讨论了采用空心阴极等离子体接触器向航天器外发射电子束作为控制航天器充电水平手段的作用效果。     

我国航天器带电技术研究进展

航天器与空间带电粒子环境相互作用引起的带电现象是其在轨发生故障和异常的重要因素。近年来,随着航天器性能的提升和技术发展,航天器带电技术研究的范围也大大扩展。文章简要回顾了我国航天器带电技术发展的历史,并从理论研究、地面模拟试验、数值模拟和带电防护等方面介绍国内航天器带电技术研究的进展。     

“风云二号”卫星天线消旋失锁故障原因初步分析

文章针对"风云二号"C(FY-2C)卫星的天线消旋失锁事件,利用卫星数据统计分析了事件与高能电子之间的关系,并利用DICTAT软件针对常用于卫星的3种电介质材料——聚乙烯、聚四氟乙烯和环氧树脂的平板和圆柱模型分别计算其内部带电所能产生的最大电场。结果表明:FY-2C卫星的天线消旋失锁事件有可能是由高能电子导致的介质深层充电引起。     

高能电子辐照下介质-导体相间结构深层充电特性研究

为研究影响介质-导体相间结构深层充电特性的内在因素,设计了不同构型的试验样品,利用90Sr放射源模拟空间高能电子环境对样品进行深层充电辐照试验,测量了充电电位的差异。并借助深层充电三维仿真软件计算介质-导体相间结构在不同几何构型情况下的深层充电电位、电场分布。试验和仿真结果表明,介质最高表面电位以及介质内部最大电场均与介质宽度和高度呈正相关。其他条件不变时,介质越宽,或越高于导体表面,发生放电的风险就越高。在介质与导体侧面存在微小缝隙情况下,介质内最大电场显著增强,易发生内部击穿。而在介质与导体之间的真空间隙内,电场很容易超过击穿阈值,放电风险很大。航天工程应用中为降低此种结构深层充放电的风险,在满足绝缘性能及其他要求的前提下应尽量减小介质的宽度,降低介质与导体间的高度差,并确保介质与导体侧面接触良好。