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1.
Development of new methods for estimating biophysical parameters can be considered one of the most important targets for the improvement of grassland parameters estimation at full canopy cover. In fact, accurate assessment methods of biophysical characteristics of vegetation are needed in order to avoid the uncertainties of carbon terrestrial sinks.

Remote sensing is a valid tool for scaling up ecosystem measurements towards landscape levels serving a wide range of applications, many of them being related to carbon-cycle models. The aim of this study was to test the suitability of satellite platform sensors in estimating grassland biophysical parameters such as LAI, biomass, phytomass, and Green herbage ratio (GR). Also, we wanted to compare some of the most common NIR and red/green-based vegetation indices with ones that also make use of the MIR band, in relation to their ability to predict grassland biophysical parameters.

Ground-truth measurements were taken on July 2003 and 2004 on the Monte Bondone plateau (Italian Alps, Trento district) in grasslands varying in land use and management intensities. From satellite platforms, an IRS-1C-LISS III image (18/07/2003; 25 m resolution in the visible-NIR and 70 m resolution in the MIR) and a SPOT 5 image (27/07/2004, 10 m resolution in the visible-NIR and MIR) were used.

LAI, biomass, and phytomass measurements showed logarithmic relationships with the investigated NIR and red/green-based indices. GreenNDVI showed the highest R2 values (0.59, IRS 2003; 0.60, SPOT 2004). Index saturation occurred above approximately 100–150 g m−2 of biomass (LAI 1.5–2). On the other hand, GR relationships were shown to be linear. MIR-based indices performed better than NIR and red/green-based ones in estimating biophysical variables, with no saturation effect. Biomass showed a linear regression with Canopy Index (MIR/green ratio) and with the Normalised Canopy Index (NCI) calculated as a normalised difference between MIR and green bands (IRS: R2 = 0.91 and 0.90, respectively. SPOT: R2 = 0.63 and 0.64). Similar correlations could also be found for LAI and phytomass, and GR predictability was shown to be higher than NDVI and GreenNDVI. According to these results obtained in the investigated areas, phytomass, biomass, LAI, and GR are linearly correlated with the investigated MIR band indices and as a result, these parameters could be estimated from the adopted satellite platforms with limited saturation problems.  相似文献   

2.
    
Using low power electronic devices for space applications to reduce the mass and energy consumption has lead to electromagnetic interference (EMI) problem. Electronic enclosures are used to shield electronic devices against EMI. In the past, electromagnetic shielding has been mainly the only criteria considered in electronic enclosure design. However, there are several structural and thermal requirements for selection of shielding materials which should also be taken into account. In this research work, three quantitative materials selection methods, i.e. Digital Logic (DL), Modified Digital Logic (MDL), and Z-transformation, are employed to select the best material from among a list of candidate materials. Composite and metallic electronic enclosures are explored and the best material is selected. Z-transformation method is applicable to both of the considered case studies while DL and MDL can only be used for solving one of them. Z-transformation method ranks aluminum as the first choice among various metallic materials. The wide range of Z-transformation application and its practical results confirm the superiority of Z-transformation method over DL and MDL methods.  相似文献   
3.
针对目前提出的多载波估计算法存在的速度与精度的问题,基于模糊控制理论,改进和完善了多载波信号载频估计算法.通过对多载波时隙ALOHA网络真实卫星信号的载频频点提取,验证了该改进算法的时效性.  相似文献   
4.
针对加工工艺数据复杂、庞大、多变的特点,为解决加工工艺知识的匹配与推理的关键性技术,将模拟生态系统的模糊聚类算法应用于加工工艺知识库。提出了基于蚁群算法的工艺知识发现的概率查询方法,并建立加工工艺知识库的数学模型。通过输入关键词运行蚁群算法,描绘出索引地图,提取分析所需要的加工工艺序列。最后以铣加工工艺为例进行实例验证,结果表明,基于蚁群算法的工艺知识发现高效全面地优化了工艺序列。  相似文献   
5.
One minute resolution Polar Cap (PC) index was used for the analysis of magnetospheric dynamics. The 1995–2000 time series analysis revealed that the power spectrum of the PC-index fluctuations is a power law in a wide range of frequencies. However, the obtained exponents differ for low and high frequency regions. The probability distribution functions of the PC-index fluctuations show a strong non-gaussian shape, depending on the time of increment. This indicates that the PC-index exhibits intermittency, previously detected in solar wind and auroral electrojet index fluctuations. The PC-index probability distribution functions were fitted by the functional form proposed by Castaing et al. [Velocity probability density functions of high Reynolds number turbulence. Physica D. 46, 177–200, 1990] to describe intermittency phenomena in ordinary turbulent fluid flows. The agreement between the fitting parameters obtained for the PC index and those reported before for solar wind magnetic field fluctuations is within 30%; which is noticeably less than the difference between the same parameters of solar wind and the AE-index fluctuations. This fact indicates that the PC index reflects the solar wind influence on the high-latitude magnetosphere, especially during the summer.  相似文献   
6.
    
Magnetic data from a newly commissioned Indian Antarctic station Bharati (corrected geomagnetic (CGM) coordinates 74.7°S, 97.2°E) and closely-spaced IMAGE chain observatories (∼100° magnetic meridian in Northern hemisphere) has been analyzed to study the climatology of substorms which were localized poleward of the standard auroral oval. We considered four austral summers (year 2007–2010) when data from Bharati was available. Several very high latitude substorms were observed in this duration when the solar activity remained unexpectedly low for a long time. Various features of very high latitude substorms, e.g., local time dependence, interplanetary state, hemispherical asymmetry and their nightside low latitude signatures are examined. Events studied here, suggested the following properties of substorms occurring at very high latitudes: (1) maximum occurrence was observed near magnetic midnight (21:00–02:00 MLT). (2) In contradiction to earlier reports, many substorms were observed even during negative IMF Bz condition. In addition, majority of substorms occurred during low or moderate solar wind streams. (3) Magnetic signatures were often pronounced in the winter hemisphere. (4) Even if widely used standard AE indices fail to monitor very high latitude substorms, their low latitude signatures are often evident.  相似文献   
7.
The solar EUV irradiance is of key importance for space weather. Most of the time, however, surrogate quantities such as EUV indices have to be used by lack of continuous and spectrally resolved measurements of the irradiance. The ability of such proxies to reproduce the irradiance from different solar atmospheric layers is usually investigated by comparing patterns of temporal correlations. We consider instead a statistical approach. The TIMED/SEE experiment, which has been continuously operating since February 2002, allows for the first time to compare in a statistical manner the EUV spectral irradiance to five EUV proxies: the sunspot number, the f10.7, Ca K, and Mg II indices, and the He I equivalent width.  相似文献   
8.
利用CAIV技术分别建立反舰导弹的作战效能模型和总拥有费用模型,并以权衡空间为约束条件,以费用最低为目标,建立保障性指标权衡优化模型。该方法可以为导弹武器装备保障性指标论证工作提供必要的理论基础和技术支持。  相似文献   
9.
高速走丝电火花线切割工作介质性能要求研究   总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7  
系统分析了高速走丝电火花线切割工作介质的主要性能要求,通过使用典型工作介质的切割对比,分析了线切割加工的工艺规律,指出工作介质洗涤能力是影响线切割工艺的最关键因素,对评价工作介质的优劣提出了参考意见。  相似文献   
10.
圆阵相位干涉仪二维测向解模糊新方法   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
长短基线结合和模糊角度聚类是圆阵相位干涉仪测向中两种常用的解模糊方法。针对角度聚类解模糊方法存在的不足,在对模糊方向的方向矢量投影在阵列所在平面的分布规律进行分析的基础上,提出一种基于模糊方向矢量投影聚类的解模糊新方法。该方法不但有效地减小了聚类所需的计算复杂度,而且易于选择聚类门限。仿真实验表明,所提出的新方法具有很好的解模糊性能。  相似文献   
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