SPACE LIFE SCIENCE IN 2000-2001

Chinese scientists studied some of the problems in the field of space life science and achieved success in the area during 2000-2001. Space biological experi ments were carried out in the orbit and the results of ground studies on protein crystallization, space radiation, space motion sickness were introduced in this paper. The influences of simulated weightlessness on the brain-function, the car diovascular, endocrine hormones, immunity, skeletal and muscle systems were presented. In addition, gravity medicine and space environment medicine, as well as countermeasures to space deconditioning, such as the traditional Chinese medicine, were also reported.     

对企业人才流失现象的思考

现代企业间的竞争是以人为本的综合实力的竞争，人才流失是企业资源的一种无形损失，是削弱企业综合竞争优势的重要因素。通过对企业人才流失的原因分析，提出留住人才的建议，旨在使企业积极采取措施，优化人才资源配置，以更好地吸引人才，留住人才，为其发展提供雄厚的人力资源保证。     

Gender specific changes in cortical activation patterns during exposure to artificial gravity

Keeping astronauts healthy during long duration spaceflight remains a challenge. Artificial gravity (AG) generated by a short arm human centrifuges (SAHC) is proposed as the next generation of integrated countermeasure devices that will allow human beings to safely spend extended durations in space, although comparatively little is known about any psychological side effects of AG on brain function.     

Protective effects of melatonin against C beam irradiation-induced oxidative stress and DNA injury in the mouse brain

The purpose of this experiment was to estimate the protective effects of melatonin against radiation-induced brain damages in mice induced by heavy ion beams. Kun-Ming mice were randomly divided into five groups: normal control group, irradiation control group, and three different doses of melatonin (5, 10, and 20 mg/kg, i.p.) treated groups. Apart from the normal control group, the other four groups were exposed to whole-body 4.0 Gy carbon ion beam irradiation (approximately 0.5 Gy/min) after i.p. administration of normal saline or melatonin 1 h before irradiation. The oxidative redox status of brain tissue was assessed by measurement of malondiadehyde (MDA) levels, total superoxide dismutase (T-SOD), cytosolic superoxide dismutase (Cu/ZnSOD, SOD1) and mitochondrial superoxide dismutase (MnSOD, SOD2) activities at 8 h after irradiation. DNA damages were determined using the Comet assay and apoptosis and cell cycle distribution were detected by flow cytometric analyses. A dramatic dose-dependent decrease in MDA levels, tail moment, rates of tailing cells, and apoptosis, and a dose-dependent increase in T-SOD and SOD2 activities, in brain tissues in the melatonin-treated groups were detected compared with the irradiation only group. Furthermore, flow cytometric analysis demonstrated that the percentage of brain cells in the G0/G1 phase decreased significantly, while those in the S and G2/M stage increased dramatically, with mice pretreated with melatonin compared to the irradiation control group. These data indicate that melatonin has protective effects against irradiation-induced brain injury, and that its underlying protective mechanisms may relate to modulation of oxidative stress induced by heavy ionirradiation.     

A REPORT OF GROUND EXPERIMENTS FOR BRAIN FUNCTION IN SPACE

The brain function is of crucial importance in space adaptation and astronaut performance. According to the theory of nonequiliblium fluctuations a new technology, ET (Elec-troencephalofluctuography [EEFG] Technology), has been developed in our laboratory for space application. Information of different attracters, especially the dominant supra-slow (S) oscillations of the brain can be abstracted from the fluctuating brain waves. Specific Sspectral lines related to neurophysiological and neuro-chemical activities have been identified and charcteristic spatial patterns have been figured out. ETanalysis has been carried out in a series of ground experiments: (1) 20 degrees head lowered suspension experiments in rabbits; (2) 2Gz hypergravity experiments in rabbits; (3) effects of antimotionsickness drugs on rabbits during suspension; (4) clincal observations on patients with brain circulation diseases. Valuable information has been collected in all these experiments, which can hardly be obtained by means of other existing techniques. The potentiality of ETapplication in space research was discussed.      

基于优化神经网络模型的系统建模仿真研究

建立一个结构优化的系统模型是设计控制系统的基础,但对于实际系统尤其是非线性系统一般没有统一表达形式,其模型结构难以构造,对其结构优化难以实施,给非线性系统建模带来很大困难.为此,基于神经网络理论,分析了非线性系统的神经网络模型并对其神经网络模型结构进行仿真研究.基于OBS (Optimal Brain Surgeon)优化策略,对初始神经网络模型结构进行优化操作,进而获得结构优化的神经网络模型并对非线性系统的建模进行仿真.仿真结果表明,优化的神经网络模型对非线性系统的建模效果是良好的,其模型的泛化能力亦得到增强.