Simultaneous state and actuator fault estimation for satellite attitude control systems

In this paper, a new nonlinear augmented observer is proposed and applied to satellite attitude control systems. The observer can estimate system state and actuator fault simultaneously. It can enhance the performances of rapidly-varying faults estimation. Only original system matrices are adopted in the parameter design. The considered faults can be unbounded, and the proposed augmented observer can estimate a large class of faults. Systems without disturbances and the fault whose finite times derivatives are zero piecewise are initially considered, followed by a discussion of a general situation where the system is subject to disturbances and the finite times derivatives of the faults are not null but bounded. For the considered nonlinear system, convergence conditions of the observer are provided and the stability analysis is performed using Lyapunov direct method. Then a feasible algorithm is explored to compute the observer parameters using linear matrix inequalities (LMIs). Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed approach is illustrated by considering an example of a closed-loop satellite attitude control system. The simulation results show satisfactory perfor-mance in estimating states and actuator faults. It also shows that multiple faults can be estimated successfully.     

增广误差模型算法在目标跟踪中的应用

针对目标机动运行过程中,滤波模型与机动状态模型失配的问题,提出了一种新的增广状态误差滤波模型。不同于现有增广方案,该模型从模型失配所致状态滤波误差的角度出发,将状态估计误差增广为一状态量,通过滤波估计后用其校正原状态量。算法分析表明,该增广滤波模型具有自适应调节多重渐消因子的等效特性,增强了对目标的跟踪能力。基于该增广状态误差滤波模型,给出了滤波算法设计并进行了仿真实验。实验结果表明,基于该模型的滤波算法在对机动目标进行跟踪时具有更强的鲁棒性。     

基于扩展故障树的运载火箭故障诊断专家系统

针对运载火箭故障诊断专家系统中知识获取的瓶颈问题,通过将扩展故障树分析法 和 基于规则的诊断专家系统有机结合,建立基于扩展故障树的运载火箭故障知识获取及表示方 法,实现了从扩展故障树到诊断知识的自动转换和诊断知识的规范化表示,解决了基于规则 的诊断专家系统的知识获取难题。在此基础上,结合扩展故障树给出了运载火箭故障诊断专 家系统快速推理策略。该策略基于诊断优先系数,实现了对发生概率大、结构重要度高、危 害严重的故障的优先诊断,并通过浅层推理与深层推理相结合,保证了推理过程的精确性和 严密性。     

虚拟现实技术在航空智能制造中的应用思考与展望

人机结合、虚实融合的新一代智能界面是智能制造的一个显著特征.虚拟现实技术作为一种高级人机交互技术,将在智能制造系统中发挥人与智能设备之间传递、交换信息媒介及对话接口的作用.随着智能制造系统的发展和虚拟现实技术的不断成熟和进步,虚拟现实必将逐步深入工业应用,在两化深度融合过程中充分发挥“智能之窗”的作用.     

基于增广观测器的非线性系统执行器故障诊断

针对一类满足李普希茨条件的非线性系统,提出了一种新的执行器故障诊断方法。将执行器故障作为增广状态向量的一部分构造一个增广系统,然后利用线性矩阵不等式方法设计一个增广状态观测器,能够同时获得原系统的状态和执行器故障的渐近估计。利用李亚普诺夫理论分析了增广状态观测器的稳定性和收敛性。最后,将所提出的方法用于卫星姿态控制系统执行器的故障诊断,仿真结果验证了该方法的有效性。     

基于增强型DGPS高精度星间相对定位的样条方法

用传统的差分GPS（DGPS）方法确定分布式SAR的星间相对位置，可能存在：（1）卫星的高速运动可能导致GPS接收信号的信噪比过低，进而造成可用信号数目无法达到正常解算的要求；（2）传统状态估计方法的精度不能满足要求。为解决上述问题，提出了一种基于增强型DGPS的相对定位样条方法，即在GPS测量的基础上，增加星间伪距测量，并结合待估参数的连续特性，建立了相对定位的样条模型，最后利用最小二乘进行参数估计。仿真结果表明：该方法的相对定位精度比相对传统方法大约提高了3倍。最后的理论分析验证了仿真的正确性。     

考虑高耗时约束的全电推进卫星多学科优化

为提高卫星系统整体性能与优化设计效率，本文采用多学科设计优化（MDO）方法进行全电推进卫星总体参数优化。主要考虑轨道转移、位置保持、空间环境、供配电、结构及质量六个学科，以整星质量最小为优化目标，考虑轨道转移时间等约束条件，建立了全电推进卫星MDO模型。提出一种基于增广拉格朗日乘子法的高效全局优化方法（ALM-EGO）以快速求解卫星MDO问题。标准数值算例对比研究表明，对于处理高耗时约束优化问题，ALM-EGO方法在全局收敛性与优化效率方面具有一定的优势。最后，采用ALM-EGO求解全电推进卫星MDO问题，优化后的全电推进卫星设计方案满足各类工程设计约束，实现整星减重161.09 kg，从而验证了本文所建立模型的合理性和ALM-EGO方法的有效性。     

Inverse design of low boom configurations using proper orthogonal decomposition and augmented Burgers equation

Mitigation of sonic boom to an acceptable stage is a key point for the next generation of supersonic transports. Meanwhile, designing a supersonic aircraft with an ideal ground signature is always the focus of research on sonic boom reduction. This paper presents an inverse design approach to optimize the near-field signature of an aircraft, making it close to the shaped ideal ground signature after the propagation in the atmosphere. Using the Proper Orthogonal Decomposition(POD) method, a guessed input of augmented Burgers equation is inversely achieved. By multiple POD iterations, the guessed ground signatures successively approach the target ground signature until the convergence criteria is reached. Finally, the corresponding equivalent area distribution is calculated from the optimal near-field signature through the classical Whitham F-function theory. To validate this method, an optimization example of Lockheed Martin 1021 is demonstrated. The modified configuration has a fully shaped ground signature and achieves a drop of perceived loudness by 7.94 PLdB. This improvement is achieved via shaping the original near-field signature into wiggles and damping it by atmospheric attenuation. At last, a nonphysical ground signature is set as the target to test the robustness of this inverse design method and shows that this method is robust enough for various inputs.     

A mask R-CNN based method for inspecting cable brackets in aircraft

In the aviation industry, cable bracket is one of the most common parts. The traditional assembly state inspection method of cable bracket is to manually compare by viewing 3D models. The purpose of this paper is to address the problem of inefficiency of traditional inspection method. In order to solve the problem that machine learning algorithm requires large dataset and manually labeling of dataset is a laborious and time-consuming task, a simulation platform is developed to automatically generate synthetic realistic brackets images with pixel-level annotations based on 3D digital mock-up. In order to obtain accurate shapes of brackets from 2D image, a brackets recognizer based on Mask R-CNN is trained. In addition, a semi-automatic cable bracket inspection method is proposed. With this method, the inspector can easily obtain the inspection result only by taking a picture with a portable device, such as augmented reality (AR) glasses. The inspection task will be automatically executed via bracket recognition and matching. The experimental result shows that the proposed method for automatically labeling dataset is valid and the proposed cable bracket inspection method can effectively inspect cable bracket in the aircraft. Finally, a prototype system based on client-server framework has been developed for validation purpose.     

大型运载火箭加筋柱壳近似建模方法

为提高大型运载火箭中薄壁加筋柱壳结构的后屈曲分析、优化设计的计算效率,提出基于矩估计的增广径向基函数(ARBF)近似建模方法。首先,分析了形状参数对ARBF近似模型泛化能力的影响规律;然后,基于样本点局部密度给出了ARBF基准形状参数确定方法,并根据模型响应特点,引入缩放系数对形状参数进行自适应调整;进一步,基于矩估计方法将确定形状参数的复杂域优化问题转化为确定缩放系数的优化问题,并利用多起点并行优化算法求解该问题,显著降低了计算复杂度;最后,通过典型数值算例和工程应用,对比研究了本文方法与其他典型近似建模方法的优劣。数值和工程算例表明,相较其他典型近似建模方法,本文方法可通过训练较少的样本点达到较高的近似精度,对比结果验证了本文方法的有效性和高鲁棒性,表明其具有一定的工程应用价值。