Phase coherence of MHD waves in the solar wind

Large amplitude MHD waves are commonly found in the solar wind. Nonlinear interactions between the MHD waves are likely to produce finite correlation among the wave phases. For discussions of various transport processes of energetic particles, it is fundamentally important to determine whether the wave phases are randomly distributed (as assumed in quasi-linear theories) or they have a finite coherence. Using a method based on a surrogate data technique and a fractal analysis, we analyzed Geotail magnetic field data (provided by S. Kokubun and T. Nagai through DARTS at the Institute of Space and Astronautical Science) to evaluate the phase coherence among the MHD waves in the earth's foreshock region. The correlation of wave phases does exist, indicating that the nonlinear interactions between the waves is in progress. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

高超声速飞行器流动特征分析

在非流线型构件或突起物的扰动效应、高马赫数和低雷诺数极限效应、低湍流度环境效应和由激波或摩擦导致的气动加热效应等4个方面的影响下,未来高超声速飞行器涉及的流动主要表现出这样的特点:典型流动结构强度高、尺度大,如强激波和厚边界层;局部流动结构数量多;激波、膨胀波和边界层结构之间相互干扰十分严重;转捩、压力脉动和一些流动结构对细微因素非常敏感;压力、摩擦应力和热流峰值现象普遍;升阻比屏障难以突破;流场同时依赖大量无量纲参数和有量纲参数,导致实验模拟难度大。本文在回顾传统高超声速流动主要流动现象的基础上,对上述7个方面涉及的典型流动现象的基础研究现状、问题本质和因果关系进行综合描述,讨论如何更有效地面对基础研究和工程实际问题。该文既可为解决典型流动现象中尚未解决的基础研究提供帮助,也可为如何合理地利用有限的已知知识解决工程应用问题提供指导。     

超视距舰空导弹爬升段弹道设计

针对超视距舰空导弹中制导的爬升段,采取两段程序圆弧相结合的方法设计弹道,给出了导弹爬升段的高度与倾角指令,并对于在圆弧间及弧与高空平飞段两转接点处出现的抖动现象,通过改变转接基准并做必需的导引指令修正,有效地解决了抖动问题。最后的仿真结果验证了所设计导引律的可行性和对于消除抖动问题所做措施的有效性。     

影响高超声速进气道起动能力的因素分析

对一系列不同收缩比、不同波系配置的内压缩通道二维流场进行了数值模拟。研究了面积收缩比、飞行高度和来流攻角对高超声速进气道起动性能的影响，提出了进口起动马赫数和来流起动马赫数的概念。研究表明，当进气道收缩比增大时，进气道的进口起动马赫数增大；来流起动马赫数由外压波系强度和进口起动马赫数决定，所以来流攻角变化改变外压波系强度，从而改变来流起动马赫数；随着飞行高度的增加，来流起动马赫数和进口起动马赫数增大，造成这一变化的原因是飞行高度不同，来流雷诺数不同，造成收缩段进口截面附面层厚度不同。     

求解多维欧拉方程的二阶旋转输运格式

提出了一个基于旋转近似Riemann求解器的二阶精度迎风型有限体积方法.不同于"网格相关"(Gridaligned)的有限体积方法或者维数分裂的有限差分方法,本格式在求解Riemann问题时不依赖网格的方向,而是沿具有一定的物理意义的两个方向(称为迎风方向).我们发现当迎风方向取为控制体界面两侧速度差矢量方向(及与之正交的方向)时,该格式能够完全消除基于Riemann求解器的通量差分裂格式存在的激波不稳定或者所谓"红斑"(carbuncle)现象.为了提高格式的时间和空间精度,我们通过在控制体界面处求解线化的广义Riemann问题的方法体现输运过程对通量计算的影响.这种方案,使得我们有可能以此为基础,构造真正多维的有限体积型迎风格式.     

模型振动对风洞实验数据分散性的数值模拟研究

研究模型振动对风洞实验结果的影响对于修正风洞实验数据和加深空气动力学的理解具有重要的现实意义。基于κ－ω的SST两方程湍流模型,在时间域求解雷诺平均N—S方程,研究了模型振动在不同迎角下流场和气动力的变化规律。结果表明：模型振动在小迎角条件下对气动力测量结果几乎没有影响,但在大迎角存在一定分离的条件下,可以引起分离涡的非线性演化,导致气动力平均值的改变,从而引起风洞气动力测量值的分散性。结论从物理机理上解释了大迎角风洞实验的重复性和数据分散性。     

Local stability analysis of interface region of astrophysical viscous shear flows with a gradual velocity gradient

In this paper, we extend the stability analysis of cold sharp shear flows to warm astrophysical cases with, inevitable, gradual velocity gradient in the interface region in the presence of viscosity effect. Using linear perturbation theory as well as the local approximation method, the instability growth rate of the excited electromagnetic modes has been investigated for the relativistic and non-relativistic cases of solar wind interacting with interstellar plasma medium. Results show that astrophysical shear systems with a small velocity gradient in the transition region are more stable rather than larger ones. Moreover, dependent on the viscosity coefficient value, the viscosity effects could have a positive role on the instability growth rate of the system in some range of initial bulk velocity, while it plays a destructive role in other velocity ranges.     

Cosmic rays at High Mountain Observatories

The worldwide distribution of High Mountain Observatories provides a unique opportunity for performing contemporary measurements under different geomagnetic/altitude conditions and for collecting long-term data series. In this context, the history and some activities performed at two historical Research Stations are summarized: Chacaltaya Laboratory (Bolivia) and the Testa Grigia Research Station (Italy).     

On the uncertainties in the measurement of absolute (true) TEC over Indian equatorial and low latitude sectors

The Indian sector encompasses the equatorial and low latitude regions where the ionosphere is highly dynamic and is characterized by the equatorial ionization anomaly (EIA) resulting in large latitudinal electron density gradients causing errors and uncertainties in the estimation of range delays in satellite based navigation systems. The diurnal and seasonal variations of standard deviations in the TEC data measured during the low sunspot period 2004–2005 at 10 different Indian stations located from equator to the anomaly crest region and beyond are examined and presented. The day-to-day variability in TEC is found to be lowest at the equatorial station and increases with latitude up to the crest region of EIA and decreases beyond.     

基于平移不变量的激光陀螺信号快速滤波方法

为提高激光陀螺的测量精度,提出了一种平移不变量小波快速滤波方法。对信号作循环平移,进行软(硬)阈值小波消噪处理再作逆平移,通过多次“平移——滤波——逆平移”过程,最后平均所获结果,有效消除软阈值小波滤波中的伪吉布斯现象。讨论了算法中平移量对滤波效果和计算复杂度的影响。用Allan方差法对一组激光陀螺实测零漂信号的不同方法滤波效果分析结果表明,该滤波法能在不影响滤波效果的前提下较大幅度减少计算量。