浇注温度对1种新型铸造镍基高温合金组织和拉伸性能的影响

为分析浇注温度与合金的组织结构和力学性能之间的变化关系,通过改变浇注温度获得不同枝晶组织试样,采用金相显微镜和扫描电镜来观察和分析合金的组织结构,结合拉伸性能测试研究了合金的组织结构对拉伸性能的影响。结果表明：降低浇注温度使γ＇相和碳化物得到细化;降低浇注温度提高了合金的拉伸强度,并改善了塑性。     

不同温度下TC21钛合金等离子表面渗Cr层的摩擦磨损性能

为提高TC21合金的摩擦磨损性能,采用双辉等离子冶金技术在TC21合金表面制备渗Cr改性层,利用扫描电镜(Scanning electron microscope,SEM),能谱仪(Energy dispersive spectromenter,EDS),显微硬度仪和划痕仪等研究了渗Cr层的组织形貌特征、硬度及结合强度,并 在20,300,500 ℃条件下使用摩擦磨损试验机对基体及渗Cr层的摩擦磨损性能进行对比、探究,并分析磨损机理。结果表明：渗Cr层厚度为30μm,均匀致密,与基体结合力至少能承受64 N的垂直载荷;改性层表面硬度超过1 000 HV0.1,约为基体的3倍;TC21合金渗Cr后,不同温度下的减摩性能和耐磨性能均得到提高。在室温下TC21基体磨损机理主要是磨粒磨损、粘着磨损和氧化磨损,而渗Cr层的磨损机理主要是磨粒磨损;500 ℃时基体粘着磨损和氧化磨损程度变得更加严重,渗Cr层磨损机理是剥层磨损和氧化磨损。      

Microstructure and Martensitic Transformation Behaviors of Explosively Welded NiTi/NiTi Laminates

The study is a first attempt to prepare bulk NiTi/NiTi shape memory alloy (SMA) laminates with a macroscopic heterogeneous composition by explosive welding and investigate their microstructures and martensitic transformation behaviors. After explosive weld- ing, a perfect interfacial bonding between the two components and a reversible martensitic transformation are realized in the tandem. Results show achievement of a fine granular structure and the maximum value of microhardness near the welding interface because of the excessive cold plastic deformation and the high impact velocity during the explosive welding. Meanwhile, the effects of aging on the transformation of the welded tandem are investigated by differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) and subject to discussion. The trans- formation temperatures of NiTi/NiTi SMAs increase with the rise of the aging temperature. The experimental results indicate the shape memory properties of NiTi/NiTi SMA fabricated by explosive welding can be improved by optimizing the aging technology.     

A new approach on necking constitutive relationships of ductile materials at elevated temperatures

A new method is presented to determine the full-range, uniaxial constitutive relationship of materials by tensile tests on funnel specimens with small curvature radius and finite element anal-ysis (FEA). An iteration method using FEA APDL (ANSYS parametric design language) program-ming has been developed to approach the necking constitutive relationship of materials. Test results from SAE 304 stainless steel at room temperature show that simulated load vs displacement curve, diameter at funnel root vs displacement curve, and funnel deformation contours are close to mod-eled results. Due to this new method, full-range constitutive relationships and true stress and effec-tive true strain at failure are found for 316L stainless steel, TA17 titanium alloy and A508-III stainless steel at room temperature, and 316L stainless steel at various elevated temperatures.     

GH2132材料对接焊接头不同温度疲劳寿命试验研究

对GH2132材料对接焊接头进行了两种不同温度（360℃和410℃）下的静载拉伸试验和疲劳试验。静载拉伸试验结果表明．应变速率对GH2132对接焊接头的断裂载荷影响不大。由疲劳试验结果得到了两种温度下的S-N曲线，利用该曲线和有限元分析预测了某GH2132材料对接焊构件焊接接头处的疲劳寿命，结果表明所得寿命满足此构件的设计要求。     

磷酸铬铝高温透波材料的制备和性能研究

以氢氧化铝、氧化铬和磷酸为原料制备磷酸铬铝，通过对反应体系粘度的监测，控制反应程度、确定反应时间。采用DSC-TG和XRD分析研究体系固化特性和耐热性能。对层间剪切强度进行测试．初步评价磷酸铬铝复合材料的性能。结果表明，控制反应时间为1h时可以得到转化率较高、粘度适当的体系。DSC—TG分析表明，该体系固化成型温度低于200℃，成型工艺简单，同时结合。XRD分析证明此材料体系具有优异的耐高温性能。对其复合材料层剪强度的研究发现，增强体材料表面进行涂层保护可有效地克服体系对增强体的腐蚀．有利于复合材料性能的改善。     

基于数字散斑技术的炭/炭复合材料高温应变测量

主要介绍了炭/炭( C/C)复合材料在高温下(最高至2600℃)利用数字散斑技术进行的应变测量。试样表面喷涂钨粉作为目标散斑。在试验环境箱中将试样升温至试验温度。在拉伸过程中,对C/C复合材料试样及喷涂其上的钨粉散斑进行窄带滤光,并对滤除炭纤维发出光线后的图像进行采集,对图像中的散斑点进行计算区域的选取,通过散斑点的位移来确定试样在散斑喷涂区域内材料的变形,进而得到在2600℃温度条件下试样有效段的应变。测量结果表明,该方法可直观准确地反映出C/C复合材料试样在2600℃应变状态,对于需要测量的关键点可实现重点跟踪,动态测量出该点在任意时刻任意位移的应变。该测试方法精度高,并可应用到不同受力方向的应变测试场合。     

FIBER OPTIC TEMPERATURE MEASURING SYSTEM

提出了一种可用于多种场合的光纤温度检测系统。该系统具有反射式结构,由热双金属片、连杆－活塞机构、光栅及光纤探头组成。温度变化引起热双金属片变形,通过连杆－活塞机构,使得光栅在竖直方向移动。光纤探头用来检测由于温度变化引起光栅移动产生的条纹数。通过光纤光缆可以将检测信号传输１ｋｍ以上,系统的温度测量范围达到１００℃,精度达±０．２℃。