加气喷嘴气体注入形式对雾化性能的影响

本文用马尔文粒度分析仪测量喷雾的平均液滴尺寸及液滴尺寸分布,研究了气体注入形式对喷雾特性的影响.喷嘴压降为34.5～690kPa,喷嘴气液比为0.002～0.023.试验中使用了两种气体注入形式:一种是直径6.3mm的单孔,另一种是20个直径0.5mm的小孔.它们与三种不同孔径的喷孔配合使用.其孔径分别为0.8,1.6和2.4mm.研究结果表明,雾化质量主要取决于喷嘴压降和气液比,而对气体注入形式和喷孔直径不敏感.测量液体流量看出,此类喷嘴的流量系数很小.雾化液体中含有固体颗粒或其它易堵塞小孔或喷嘴通道的有害物时,使用这种喷嘴将会显示出它的优点.     

Numerical simulations of water spray on flame deflector during the four-engine rocket launching

This paper aims to study on the cooling effect with two types of water spray nozzle on the flame deflector during the four-engine launch vehicle take-off. To accurately simulate the two-phase flow of the rocket gas with multispecies and the water spray, the three-dimensional compressible Navier-Stokes equations, discrete ordinates methods and realizable k-Ɛ turbulence model are used to establish the rocket supersonic plumes impact model. The Eulerian dispersed phase (EDP) model was used to simulate the water spray into the exhaust gas. The accuracy and effectiveness of the gas-liquid flow model are verified by a good agreement between simulation results and experimental data. On this basis, a series of numerical simulation studies under different water injection position are performed. The results show that the high temperature regions, along the axis of engines on the deflector plate, have no significant temperature decreasing effect by water spray from the nozzles mounted on the apex of the deflector, and the high temperature converts a large quantity of water into vapor near the plume boundary, which would decrease the flow conductivity. With the cooling spray nozzle fixed directly to the deflector plate, the temperature decrease effect is obvious and the effect of thermal shock on deflector plate induced by exhaust plume is reduced, so that it can prevent the flame deflector from thermal ablation. The study results provide indepth information and engineering guidance for designing the water spray systems and increasing the safety of the launch process.     

自制等离子喷枪冷却系统的设计及测试

等离子喷枪是制备热障涂层中的研究重点。目前关于等离子喷枪的研究多集中于喷嘴(阳极)、阴极,鲜有关于喷枪冷却系统方面的研究;喷枪冷却系统的优劣直接影响喷枪的工作寿命和喷涂过程的稳定性,同时制备热障涂层的质量也与冷却效果紧密相关。本文利用三维模型,详细阐述了自制的喷枪冷却系统通道及工作原理,并对设计进行了理论计算,对自制的喷枪进行点火试验和喷涂测试,结果显示自制的喷枪冷却系统功能良好,喷枪工作稳定,涂层质量较好。     

基于ALE法的水陆两栖飞机船体着水性能分析

水陆两栖飞机的着水性能是体现其综合性能的重要因素之一.应用ALE法对三种水陆两栖飞机船体截面进行入水仿真计算,从着水载荷、喷溅性能及运动响应三个方面对着水性能进行综合评估.对比分析了直线型、带舭弯弧形、复合型三种构型截面在不同速度、不同重量下的压力分布、喷溅性能以及运动响应,得到了三种截面横向压力分布规律.计算结果显示相同状态下,喷溅性能复合型优于带舭弯弧形、带舭弯弧形优于直线型;过载复合型远大于带舭弯弧形,带舭弯弧形稍大于直线型,综合看来带舭弯弧形截面着水性能最佳.     

Corrosion mechanism investigation of TiN/Ti coating and TC4 alloy for aircraft compressor application

It is imperative to develop multifunctional erosion and corrosion resistant coatings for compressor blades of aircraft engines in harsh environment. PVD (Physical Vapor Deposition) technology has the advances in processing erosion-resistant coatings; however, the performance of PVD coatings to combat corrosion depends on various coating defects. Determining and comparing the corrosion performances of PVD TiN/Ti coating and uncoated TC4 alloy was the main objective of present work. The 960 h salt spray corrosion and 116 h hot corrosion tests were conducted to simulate the grounding and working environments of the aircraft compressors. The corrosion mechanisms due to the coating defects such as pinhole, columnar boundary and large grain were analyzed based on the OM, Confocal microscope, electrochemical measurements, SEM, XRD and EDS results. Owing to the disordered state associated with the columnar boundary and the coating defect, nitrogen could be easily replaced by oxygen in the hot corrosion process, these structures were channels for fast diffusion of oxygen. Moreover, the Gibbs energy changes of Ti oxidation and TiN oxidation were thermodynamically calculated according to the working condition of aircraft compressors, and considerable research effort was focused on mapping out the phase diagram of Ti, TiN and high pressure gases. The findings of this research can provide insights into developing multifunctional coatings for future aircraft engines.     

双路离心喷嘴雾化特性的PDPA实验研究

采用相位多普勒粒子分析仪（PDPA）对某型航空发动机双路离心喷嘴的雾化特性进行了实验研究。PDPA可直接测得测点处的喷雾液滴的尺寸分布和速度大小,并据此求出了测点处的索特尔平均直径SMD和液滴的平均速度。在喷雾锥三个横截面上进行了测量,得到了SMD的空间分布,据此得到了喷雾锥的锥角,并与光学照相和计算机图像处理测得喷雾锥角进行了对比。实验结果表明：液滴尺寸随着供油压力的增大而减小,当压力增大到一定程度时,液滴尺寸趋于不变;当主、副油路分别单独工作时,随测量横截面与喷口之间距离Z的增加,SMD减小;在供油压力不变时,同一个测量横截面内,随着径向距离X的增加SMD值变化不大;喷雾锥角基本不随供油压力改变而变化。     

中性盐雾预腐蚀对AF1410高强钢疲劳寿命的影响

采用失重法和XRD法研究了AF1410钢在中性盐雾环境中的耐蚀性能,并对中性盐雾预腐蚀不同时间后的试样进行疲劳性能测试,研究了不同预腐蚀时间对材料疲劳寿命的影响。结果表明:AF1410钢发生了严重的全面腐蚀,腐蚀产物主要由FeO(OH)和Fe3O4组成,并得到其腐蚀失重曲线;疲劳断口形貌分析表明,随预腐蚀时间的延长,腐蚀损伤程度增加,在疲劳加载过程中易形成较多的疲劳裂纹扩展源而导致疲劳断裂失效;最终获得中性盐雾预腐蚀AF1410钢结构疲劳寿命特性以及预腐蚀对疲劳寿命的影响系数C(t)曲线。     

胶质微推进液滴加速过程的数值模拟

采用拉格朗日粒子跟踪法计算液滴的运动轨迹,对胶质推进器中带电液滴在加速区的运动过程进行了数值模拟,获得液滴速度和密度的空间分布。使用两种溶剂(TBP3,甲酰胺)作为推进剂,分析了电压、流量变化对喷雾扩散角、液滴轴向速度及对推进器性能的影响。模拟结果表明,随着电压的增加,液滴轴向速度增大,喷雾扩散角减小;随着流量的增大,液滴轴向速度和喷雾扩散角均减小;使用甲酰胺推进剂比使用TP3推进剂得到更高的推力和比冲;模拟得到的推进器性能能良好符合实验结果。     

辅助动力装置环形回流燃烧室数值研究

利用Fluent软件计算辅助动力装置(auxiliary power unit,简称APU)环形回流燃烧室三维两相喷雾燃烧流场,研究不同进口温度和油气比对两相喷雾燃烧流场的影响,采用标准 k-ε 模型模拟湍流黏性,离散相模型(DPM)追踪油珠运动轨迹,燃烧模型采用非预混平衡化学反应模型.计算结果表明:随着进口温度和油气比的增加,燃烧室出口温度相应增加,但温度分布规律基本保持不变;计算结果与试验测量结果比较吻合,说明采用的数学模型和计算方法可用于预估实际APU回流燃烧室三维两相喷雾燃烧流场.      

蒸发管蒸发及雾化特性

为了研究某型发动机中的Γ型蒸发管的蒸发性能,在进口空气为常压条件下进行实验研究.实验采用燃气加热,模拟实际蒸发管工作环境.实验研究气油比、进口空气温度以及蒸发管管壁温度的变化对蒸发管燃油蒸发率及出口索太尔平均直径SMD(Sauter mean diameter)的影响.实验结果表明:气油比(AFR)、蒸发管空气进口温度及蒸发管壁温对蒸发率及SMD都有着很大的影响,气油比的增大和空气进口温度的增大以及蒸发管壁温的提高都会导致燃油蒸发率的增大和出口SMD直径的减小,而三者中壁温的作用最为显著.