复合材料板壳在过屈曲下最佳铺层设计的工程方法

 本文基于相同边界条件下铺层构成对失稳后的变形形态影响不大的基本假设,根据理论和实践经验得到的准最佳铺层失稳后的位移场为基础,给出了确定最佳铺层参数的工程方法。计算表明,其基本假设和解题思路是正确的。由于本方法最后归结为解一个一元三次方程,使计算大为简化,可降低设计成本和周期,在工程设计中具有实际意义。     

离心式压气机流-热-固耦合分析

利用松散耦合方法建立离心式压气机稳态流-热-固耦合模型,将离心式压气机解耦成气动、传热和结构三个子系统,子系统间存在热、力和变形的传递。由于不匹配的网格划分,利用反距离平均方法构造插值函数实现热与力向结构的传递,采用统一有限元模型实现热-固顺序耦合分析,利用网格重生成技术实现结构变形到气动分析模型的传递。经过3次迭代离心式压气机耦合系统达到收敛。结果表明,分析的离心式压气机内部流-热-固耦合强烈,耦合解法与非耦合解法得到压气机响应存在较大差异,对于多学科耦合强烈的构件,需要考虑学科间的耦合效应反应真实的工作状况。     

液体火箭发动机喷管发汗冷却研究

采用SSTk-ω湍流模型对液体火箭发动机喷管发汗冷却进行了全场耦合计算,考虑了不同孔隙率、变物性、可压缩性、多孔介质热弥散效应、微尺度流动以及传质等因素的影响,比对再生冷却分析了不同注入率对壁面温度、冷却效率以及边界层厚度的影响;结果表明平均注入率的增大使平均壁温以更大的比例降低,采用发汗冷却的喷管喉部不再是最高温的部位.将CFD计算结果分别与实验以及一维气动公式计算结果进行了比较,证实计算结果可靠.      

涡扇发动机内外函回热分析

对吴仲华教授提出的航空涡扇发动机改为陆用输出轴功的一种最安全可靠办法-将外函空气由内函动力透平排气回热后也输出轴功,进行了基本的热力循环分析。按初步分析可知,此法宜用于函道比接近于1的总压比不太高的机组。按目前技术水平,采用此措施可以达到比“切顶”相对提高效率与功率10%左右。在我国有一定的应用前景。      

复杂构件MDO六面体网格重构方法

从参数化模型和模型拓扑特征出发,提出了一套六面体网格重构的有限元模型建模方法.同时,使用随动点来约束网格的拓扑边界,保证网格的正交性,确保了网格重构后的网格质量;结合现有的商用软件ICEM的网格生成算法,开发了基于特征的参数化有限元(FE)建模程序.最终,针对航空发动机低压涡轮带冠叶片的叶冠参数进行的多学科优化 (MDO),实例验证了网格重构方法的有效性和可行性.      

感应电动机寿命预测的加速退化试验方法研究

感应电动机正常使用时一般具有长寿命高可靠性,为在较短时间内预测感应电动机的寿命,提出了一种简单易行的感应电动机加速退化试验方法:在电动机转轴上偏心安装圆孔叶片模拟电动机负载工作时承受的不平衡载荷,并且通过改变叶片偏心安装孔的位置模拟增大不平衡载荷。进行了3种应力形式的试验研究,以试验中测得的电动机轴心轨迹面积值表征电动机的性能退化指标,建立了轴心轨迹面积相对变化的漂移Brown运动和幂律加速退化模型,利用无偏估计法和最小二乘法得到模型参数的估计,外推获得叶片无偏心安装状态下的不平衡重力矩,以该值作为电动机正常工作时承受的不平衡载荷,预测和分析了电动机正常工作寿命和可靠性,验证了加速退化试验方法的可行性和高效性。     

Integration of lessons from recent research for “Earth to Mars” life support systems

Development of reliable and robust strategies for long-term life support for planetary exploration must be built from real-time experimentation to verify and improve system components. Also critical is incorporating a range of viable options to handle potential short-term life system imbalances. This paper revisits some of the conceptual framework for a Mars base prototype which has been developed by the authors along with others previously advanced (“Mars on Earth^®”) in the light of three years of experimentation in the Laboratory Biosphere, further investigation of system alternatives and the advent of other innovative engineering and agri-ecosystem approaches. Several experiments with candidate space agriculture crops have demonstrated the higher productivity possible with elevated light levels and improved environmental controls. For example, crops of sweet potatoes exceeded original Mars base prototype projections by an average of 46% (53% for best crop) ultradwarf (Apogee) wheat by 9% (23% for best crop), pinto bean by 13% (31% for best crop). These production levels, although they may be increased with further optimization of lighting regimes, environmental parameters, crop density etc. offer evidence that a soil-based system can be as productive as the hydroponic systems which have dominated space life support scenarios and research. But soil also offers distinct advantages: the capability to be created on the Moon or Mars using in situ space resources, reduces long-term reliance on consumables and imported resources, and more readily recycling and incorporating crew and crop waste products. In addition, a living soil contains a complex microbial ecosystem which helps prevent the buildup of trace gases or compounds, and thus assist with air and water purification. The atmospheric dynamics of these crops were studied in the Laboratory Biosphere adding to the database necessary for managing the mixed stands of crops essential for supplying a nutritionally adequate diet in space. This paper explores some of the challenges of small bioregenerative life support: air-sealing and facility architecture/design, balance of short-term variations of carbon dioxide and oxygen through staggered plantings, options for additional atmospheric buffers and sinks, lighting/energy efficiency engineering, crop and waste product recycling approaches, and human factor considerations in the design and operation of a Mars base. An “Earth to Mars” project, forging the ability to live sustainably in space (as on Earth) requires continued research and testing of these components and integrated subsystems; and developing a step-by-step learning process.     

缝合复合材料单层板的弹性常数分析

根据缝合层合板的细观几何特征,考虑因缝线穿过纤维导致纤维弯曲的近似正(余)弦曲线情况,建立了反映缝合复合材料层合板细观结构形式的单层板有限元模型。在此模型的基础上分析了T700/QY8911缝合单层板的有效弹性常数,并与未缝合模型进行了比较。有限元模型和实例分析说明利用有限元途径分析缝合单层板的有效常数是切实可行的,同时为缝合层合板/壳的有关常数的有限元分析奠定了理论基础。     

基于网格重生成的涡轮叶片变形传递方法

在涡轮叶片多学科优化中需要在气动模型和结构模型之间进行耦合信息(气压、温度和变形等数据)传递,来考虑学科耦合的性质.采用修正几何外形和网格重生成的方法实现了叶片结构变形向气动模型传递.传递时在叶片几何模型上增加若干外形控制线,叶片的外形由这些控制线的形状来决定.根据叶片结构变形,调整控制线节点位置坐标,以修改叶片外形控制线的形状,可以实现变形向叶片几何模型的传递.进一步,重新生成气动网格,可以得到结构变形后叶片的气动网格模型.      

Studies on urine treatment by biological purification using Azolla and UV photocatalytic oxidation

The amount of water consumed in space station operations is very large. In order to reduce the amount of water which must be resupplied from Earth, the space station needs to resolve the problems of water supply. For this reason, the recovery, regeneration and utilization of urine of astronauts are of key importance. Many investigations on this subject have been reported. Our research is based on biological absorption and, purification using UV photocatalytic oxidation techniques to achieve comprehensive treatment for urine. In the treatment apparatus we created, the urine solution is used as part of the nutrient solution for the biological components in our bioregenerative life support system. After being absorbed, the nutrients from the urine were then decomposed, metabolized and purified which creates a favorable condition for the follow-up oxidation treatment by UV photocatalytic oxidation. After these two processes, the treated urine solution reached Chinese national standards for drinking water quality (GB5749-1985).