A progressive approach to predict shot peening process parameters for forming integral panel of Al7050-T7451

In this paper, a progressive approach to predict the multiple shot peening process parameters for complex integral panel is proposed. Firstly, the invariable parameters in the forming process including shot size, mass flow, peening distance and peening angle are determined according to the empirical and machine type. Then, the optimal value of air pressure for the whole shot peening is selected by the experimental data. Finally, the feeding speed for every shot peening path is predicted by regression equation. The integral panel part with thickness from 2 mm to 5 mm and curvature radius from 3200 mm to 16000 mm is taken as a research object, and four experiments are conducted. In order to design specimens for acquiring the forming data, one experiment is conducted to compare the curvature radius of the plate and stringer-structural specimens, which were peened along the middle of the two stringers. The most striking finding of this experiment is that the outer shape error range is below 3.9%, so the plate specimens can be used in predicting feeding speed of the integral panel. The second experiment is performed and results show that when the coverage reaches the limit of 80%, the minimum feeding speed is 50 mm/s. By this feeding speed, the forming curvature radius of the specimens with different thickness from the third experiment is measured and compared with the research object, and the optimal air pressure is 0.15 MPa. Then, the plate specimens with thickness from 2 mm to 5 mm are peened in the fourth experiment, and the measured curvature radius data are used to calculate the feeding speed of different shot peening path by regressive analysis method. The algorithm is validated by forming a test part and the average deviation is 0.496 mm. It is shown that the approach can realize the forming of the integral panel precisely.     

滑油量对恒速传动装置的影响

本文介绍了中外航空公司飞机发动机恒速传动装置几个故障典例及造成的危害,分析了填加滑油量不当对发动机恒速传动装置的影响,提出了预防措施。     

拓宽周转齿轮系的应用

本文为拓宽创新设计机构的思路,扼要地介绍了一种利用空间周转轮系,实观机械手臂的公转与自转动作要求的机构运动分析、设计方案及结构参考图。     

Ionospheric behavior of the F2 peak parameters foF2 and hmF2 at Hainan and comparisons with IRI model predictions

Monthly median values of foF2, hmF2 and M(3000)F2 parameters, with hourly time interval resolution for the diurnal variation, obtained with DPS-4 digisonde observations at Hainan (19.4°N, 109.0°E) are used to study the low latitude ionospheric variation behavior. The observational results are compared with the International Reference Ionospheric Model (IRI) predictions. The time period coverage of the data used for the present study is from March 2002 to February 2005. Our present study showed that: (1) In general, IRI predictions using CCIR and URSI coefficients follow well the diurnal and seasonal variation patterns of the experimental values of foF2. However, CCIR foF2 and URSI foF2 IRI predictions systematically underestimate the observed results during most time period of the day, with the percentage difference ΔfoF2 (%) values changing between about −5% and −25%, whereas for a few hours around pre-sunrise, the IRI predictions generally overestimate the observational ones with ΔfoF2 (%) sometimes reaching as large as ∼30%. The agreement between the IRI results and the observational ones is better for the year 2002 than for the other years. The best agreement between the IRI results and the observational ones is obtained in summer when using URSI coefficients, with the seasonal average values of ΔfoF2 (%) being within the limits of ±10%. (2) In general, the IRI predicted hmF2 values using CCIR M(3000)F2 option shows a poor agreement with the observational results. However, when using the measured M(3000)F2 as input, the diurnal variation pattern of hmF2 given by IRI2001 has a much better agreement with the observational one with the detailed fine structures including the pre-sunrise and post-sunset peaks reproduced reasonably well. The agreement between the IRI predicted hmF2 values using CCIR M(30,000)F2 option and the observational ones is worst for the afternoon to post-midnight hours for the high solar activity year 2002. During daytime hours the agreement between the hmF2 values obtained with CCIR M(30,000)F2 option and the observational ones is best for summer season. The discrepancy between the observational hmF2 and that obtained with CCIR M(30,000)F2 option stem from the CCIR M(3000)F2 model, which does not produce the small scale structures observed in the measured M(3000)F2.     

尺寸参数对气动液阀启动特性的影响

为气动液阀的启动过程建立了数学模型，分析了尺寸参数对该阀启动特性的影响。计算结果表明：在保证必要的工作寿命的前提下，适当地增大控制腔气孔的直径或增大靠近控制腔的活塞端面直径有利于提高该阀的响应能力。本文所得的结论有利于此类阀门的设计。     

固体火箭发动机试验模态分析技术研究

将固体火箭发动机划分为144个自由度，采用锤击法，单点激励多点响应（SIMO）对其在4种工况下进行了频率响应的测量，应用了多种方法进行模态参数识别和数据拟合，并对其结果进行比较，获得了发动机在各工况1kHz以内的各阶固有频率、振型和阻尼，并对试验模态分析技术在固体火箭发动机试验中的应用进行了研究。     

运载火箭增压输送系统启动过程的数字仿真研究

应用现代计算机仿真技术，在大量发动机试车数据和长征火箭各型号飞行遥测数据等的分析、统计基础上，建立新的增压输送系统启动过程的数学模型，进行了数字仿真研究。计算结果与各型号的飞行遥测相一致，大大减少了理论计算的误差，提高了增压计算的精确度，具有实际的意义。     

The fundamental parameters of the central stars of eight WR ring nebulae

We describe work that has recently been completed on deriving the fundamental parameters of eight WR stars through the photoionization modelling of their surrounding nebulae using non-LTE WR flux distributions. The resulting effective temperatures range from 57 000–71 000 K for the WN4-5 stars and <30 000–42 000 K for the WN6-8 stars. The derived stellar parameters are compared with those obtained from stellar emission line modelling. We find good agreement for the hot early WN stars, indicating that the non-LTE WR flux distributions have essentially the correct shape in the crucial far-UV region. We find lower temperatures for the four cooler late WN stars, particularly for the two WN6 stars. For the nebulae surrounding these stars, we find that the model flux distributions produce too much nebular ionization. We suggest that these discrepancies arise because of the lack of line-blanketing in the WR atmospheres. For the WO1 central star of G2.4+1.4, with strong nebular He II 4686 A emission, we derive a temperature of 105 000 K, somewhat less than previous estimates. The positions of our eight WR stars on the H-R diagram are compared with the evolutionary tracks of Maeder (1990) for solar metallicity. In common with previous workers, we find that our derived luminosities are too low, giving an initial mass range of 25–40 M, below that expected for the majority of WR stars.     

复杂空间四连杆传动系统的一种算法

1.引言 空间四连杆机构的运动关系是一个空间几何关系。确定四连杆相互位置时,存在着一球面与圆弧相交或两圆弧相交等情况,它们的运动与几何关系都以一些二次联立方程式表达。求解与根的判定都比较复杂,有时还要用迭代方法。本文所介绍的方法采用空间坐标变换,将空间四连杆机构的运动点转换到特定的平面内,利用平面三角形的几何关系求解。所用的方法都是典型的,简便易行,特别适用于计算机计算。     

大迎角下导弹气动耦合控制系统分析

工程设计中，基于三通道自独立的前提来设计导弹控制器的常用方法，一般是将耦合项作为随机干扰来处理，这种方法不但具有一定的盲目性和不确定性，而且还丰厚明显的理论缺陷：耦合的存在改变了原系统的性能，严重时甚至会影响系统的稳定性。因此，只有当耦合影响很微弱时，这种方法才有实际应用价值。现分别从稳定裕度和气动参数两个方面，论述了气动交连耦合是造成大迎角飞行导弹控制系统不稳定的重要原因，并由此得出结论：对于大迎角下气动耦合强烈的导弹，其控制系统需考虑采用解耦控制，以便行这有效地变不稳定系统为稳定系统。