树脂基导电纳米复合材料电磁屏蔽性能的研究进展

随着5G时代的来临,电磁污染问题日益严重。电磁屏蔽是解决电磁污染的有效方法,已成为人们关注的热点。导电纳米粒子具有优异的导电性及其独特物理特性,其树脂基复合材料可作为轻质高电磁屏蔽效能的电磁屏蔽材料。本文主要介绍了含有导电一维纳米粒子（碳纳米管、银纳米线）和二维纳米粒子（石墨烯、MXenes）的树脂基复合材料在电磁屏蔽性能方面的研究进展,进一步对其发展趋势进行了展望。     

高性能树脂基纳米复合材料的发展新动向

纳米材料的高表面活性使其易于团聚,这为其分散和高性能纳米复合材料的制备工艺带来挑战。本文主要介绍了有关多元复合型高性能树脂基纳米复合材料、纳米复合材料的制备与分散工艺、纳米杂化树脂基体与纤维复合以及功能化纳米复合材料研究方面的最新进展。     

Preparation and Properties of Organically Modified Sepiolite/ High-performance Epoxy Nanocomposites

Fibrous organic sepiolites （OSEP） and novel epoxy/OSEP nanocomposites were prepared, and different methods were investigated to produce an intercalated/exfoliated structure of OSEP. Experimental results show that the modifier molecules can be easily adsorbed by the sepiolite, but the layer space （d001 of the sepiolite, linked by means of covalent bond, remains unchanged. A proper method to solve this problem appears to exert large shearing force on the original sepiolite followed by its organic modification （OSEP2）. The morphology observation shows that there are formed an even dispersion of nano-sized OSEP2 fibers in epoxy resin and a structure intercalated by epoxy molecules, which lead to significantly improved mechanical properties. Impact strength of the epoxy/OSEP2 nanocomposite increases from 32.1 kJ/m^2 to 44.4 kJ/m^2, 38.3% higher than that of pristine matrix with 3 wt% OSEP2 content. It is also noted that the flexural strength of the OSEP/epoxy composites has risen by about 3% higher than that of the pure epoxy resin.     

碳纳米管的表面功能化研究:接枝环氧基聚合物

通过共价键修饰将酸化的多壁碳纳米管(MWNTs)与环氧树脂进行接枝反应,并通过傅立叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)、X射线衍射(XRD),拉曼光谱(Raman spectra),热失重分析(TGA)和透射电镜(TEM)对其进行表征.研究发现,酸化处理在多壁碳纳米管管壁产生羧基、羟基,并检测到环氧树脂是通过共价键接枝到多壁碳纳米管管壁上,其接枝率达到39%.差示扫描晕热仪(DSC)显示改性的多壁碳纳米管对环氧树脂的固化反应有显著的影响.     

高分子纳米复合材料研究进展(Ⅰ)──高分子纳米复合材料的制备、表征和应用前景

综述了高分子纳米复合材料的发展研究现状,将高分子纳米复合材料的制备方法分为四大类：纳米单元与高分子直接共混（内含纳米单元的制备及其表面改性方法）;在高分子基体中原位生成纳米单元;在纳米单元存在下单体分子原位聚合生成高分子及纳米单元和高分子同时生成。介绍了高分子纳米复合材料的表征技术及其应用前景。     

放电等离子烧结Al2O3-ZrO2纳米复相陶瓷及其力学性能

采用醇 水溶液加热法制备两相分散良好的纳米复合粉体,通过放电等离子超快速烧结制备Al2O3 ZrO2纳米复相陶瓷。研究了纳米第二相ZrO2对复相陶瓷致密化、烧结行为、力学性能以及微观结构的影响。从烧结激活能的观点解释了纳米第二相阻止基体Al2O3致密化的原因。放电等离子烧结得到了典型的晶间/晶内混合型纳米陶瓷,其弯曲强度高达1070MPa,断裂韧性达10.42MPa·m1/2。微观组织分析表明其中大量的内晶纳米颗粒阻止位错运动,使得基体氧化铝晶粒内形成复杂的位错组态,其主要特点为穿晶断裂和多重界面。     

剪切分散工艺制备环氧树脂／粘土纳米复合材料的结构与力学性能研究

采用十二胺盐处理的蒙脱土(MMTDDA)和环氧(E-51)/4,4′二胺基二苯砜(DDS)体系为研究对象,分别通过普通搅拌(磁力搅拌)和高速剪切分散(高速乳化均质机)两种分散MMTDDA的工艺制备了环氧树脂MMTDDA纳米复合材料。透射电镜(TEM)观察表明,普通搅拌分散法制备的纳米复合材料中存在较多粘土团聚体,而通过高速剪切分散施加一定外部剪切力细化分散粘土团聚体,则有利于粘土片层在固化过程中充分解离,力学性能明显提高。在一定剪切速率下,力学性能随剪切分散时间的增加而增加;当粘土含量为3wt%时,冲击强度可由32.1kJ/m2提高到43.9kJ/m2,提高近36.8%,弯曲强度也有一定提高。动态热机械性能(DMA)分析表明,环氧树脂/MMTDDA纳米复合材料的储能模量在玻璃态没有明显改善,但在玻璃化转变区具有一定的提高;玻璃化转变温度(Tg)和损耗模量都得到不同程度的提高,Tg由纯环氧树脂的209.6℃提高到环氧树脂/MMTDDA(3wt%)纳米复合材料的214.9℃,提高近5.3℃,且粘土片层的分散解离效果越好,提高的幅度越大。     

Preparation and Properties of Organically Modified Sepiolite/High-performance Epoxy Nanocomposites

Fibrous organic sepiolites (OSEP) and novel epoxy/OSEP nanocomposites were prepared, and different methods were investigated to produce an intercalated/exfoliated structure of OSEP. Experimental results show that the modifier molecules can be easily adsorbed by the sepiolite, but the layer space (d001) of the sepiolite, linked by means of covalent bond, remains unchanged. A proper method to solve this problem appears to exert large shearing force on the original sepiolite followed by its organic modification (OSEP2). The morphol-ogy observation shows that there are formed an even dispersion of nano-sized OSEP2 fibers in epoxy resin and a structure intercalated by epoxy molecules, which lead to significantly improved mechanical properties. Impact strength of the epoxy/OSEP2 nanocomposite increases from 32.1 kJ/m2 to 44.4 kJ/m2, 38.3% higher than that of pristine matrix with 3 wt% OSEP2 content. It is also noted that the flexural strength of the OSEP/epoxy composites has risen by about 3% higher than that of the pure epoxy resin.     

聚乙撑二氧噻吩/碳纳米管复合物的合成与表征

为制备出导电性能优良的有机透明导电涂层,需要把具有导电性的碳纳米管在树脂中组装成一体化导电结构网络.本文运用可以在树脂中自组装的导电聚乙撑二氧噻吩来实现碳纳米管自组装的方法,合成出了导电聚乙撑二氧噻吩纳米薄膜均匀覆盖的导电聚乙撑二氧噻吩/碳纳米管复合物,并运用透射电镜(TEM)、傅立叶红外光谱(FTIR)和四探针法对其进行了分析与表征,结果发现在碳纳米管含量为1%时,纳米复合物的导电率可达到100S/cm,而碳纳米管和聚乙撑二氧噻吩的导电率分别为10.4 S/cm和14.3S/cm.     

石墨烯增强铝基纳米复合材料研究进展

石墨烯以其优异力学、物理性能以及独特二维结构成为铝基复合材料的理想纳米增强相.金属基纳米复合材料制备技术快速发展,促进了石墨烯增强铝基纳米复合材料在结构和功能材料领域中的广泛研究.石墨烯在铝基体中的分散以及石墨烯/铝的界面控制问题具有重要科学研究和工程应用价值.重点介绍石墨烯增强铝基纳米复合材料最新研究进展,主要包括石墨烯增强铝基纳米复合材料的分散和冶金成型技术及其结构表征和力学性能研究.实验表明石墨烯能够显著提高铝基体力学性能,但作者认为通过优化工艺参数、改善微观结构和控制结合界面能够进一步优化材料性能.此外,为实现工程应用,还需加强石墨烯增强铝基复合材料的腐蚀性能和热、电性等物理性能研究,并突破材料的低成本、大规模制备技术.本文还基于石墨烯独特二维结构和表面状态,对石墨烯的增强增韧机制进行了深入讨论.