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1.
Steven D. Howe 《Space Policy》2001,17(4):275-283
The potential benefits to humankind of space exploration are tremendous. Space is not only the final frontier but is also the next marketplace. The orbital space above Earth offers tremendous opportunities for both strategic assets and commercial development. The critical obstacle retarding the use of the space around the Earth is the lack of low cost access to orbit. Further out, the next giant leap for mankind will be the human exploration of Mars. Almost certainly within the next 30 years, a human crew will brave the isolation, the radiation, and the lack of gravity to walk on and explore the Red planet. Both of these missions will change the outlook and perspective of every human being on the planet. However, these missions are expensive and extremely difficult. Chemical propulsion has demonstrated an inability to achieve orbit cheaply and is a very high-risk option to accomplish the Mars mission. An alternative solution is to develop a high performance propulsion system. Nuclear propulsion has the potential to be such a system. The question will be whether humanity is willing to take on the challenge. 相似文献
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The Cluster mission of the European Space Agency (ESA) will allow, for the first time three-dimensional measurements in key regions of the Earth's magnetosphere to be carried out. The European Numerical Simulation Network (ENSN) aims at providing a theoretical support to the mission. We describe the achievements of the ENSN during its first period of activity 1991–1994, during which the network was funded by the European Union. In particular, the ENSN has set up (i) thematic Working Groups on the prime scientific goals of the mission, (ii) a code development Working Group to develop numerical simulation codes specifically adapted to studying magnetospheric boundaries and the corresponding scale mixing, and (iii) software models of Cluster instruments to test in a numerical simulation what the set of four instruments will measure. 相似文献
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D. Koschny V. Dhiri K. Wirth J. Zender R. Solaz R. Hoofs R. Laureijs T.-M Ho B. Davidsson G. Schwehm 《Space Science Reviews》2007,128(1-4):167-188
ESA’s Rosetta mission was launched in March 2004 and is on its way to comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko, where it is scheduled
to arrive in summer 2014. It comprises a payload of 12 scientific instruments and a Lander. All instruments are provided by
Principal Investigators, which are responsible for their operations.
As for most ESA science missions, the ground segment of the mission consists of a Mission Operations Centre (MOC) and a Science
Operations Centre (SOC). While the MOC is responsible for all spacecraft-related aspects and the final uplink of all command
timelines to the spacecraft, the scientific operations of the instruments and the collection of the data and ingestion into
the Planetary Science Archive are coordinated by the SOC. This paper focuses on the tasks of the SOC and in particular on
the methodology and constraints to convert the scientific goals of the Rosetta mission to operational timelines. 相似文献
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多阶段任务系统通用可靠性仿真模型 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
归纳了当前多阶段任务系统(PMS,Phased Mission Systems)可靠性建模的基本假设,指出了解析模型描述和求解能力的不足以及仿真模型存在的难以转换的缺点.应用着色Petri网(CPN,Colored Petri Net) Tools建立PMS的多层通用仿真模型:顶层控制模型将PMS各阶段的故障树参数化,作为CPN通用仿真模型的输入;单阶段处理模型根据顶层控制模型的输入判别该阶段顶事件是否发生;底事件处理模型通过比较随机数和故障发生概率的大小产生故障.通用仿真模型可以保持模型结构的稳定,同时又简化了仿真模型的生成.案例对比了CPN仿真模型与二元决策图(BDD,Binary Decision Diagrams)算法的可靠性计算结果,证明了模型的正确性;具有动态变化参数的PMS仿真则说明了模型的适用性. 相似文献
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月面冯·卡门撞击坑的着陆选址和科学探测目标浅析 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
冯·卡门(Von Kármán)撞击坑位于月球背面南极—艾肯(South Pole-Aitken,SPA)盆地中部,是中国“嫦娥4号”计划的优先级较高的探测目标。对该撞击坑的着陆和探测,有助于揭示月球形成和演化的一些关键问题,在月球科学研究中具有重大的意义。论文概要总结了冯·卡门撞击坑的研究意义和科学价值;结合LRO卫星LOLA数据、Clementine UV-VIS数据、GRAIL数据、“嫦娥2号”卫星CELMS等数据,简要分析了冯·卡门撞击坑的地形、成分、深部结构和亮?%rater are analyzed with LRO satellite LOLA data,Clementine UV-VIS data,GRAIL data,and Chang''E-2 CELMS data and their scientific meanings are also presented. Finally,combined with our results and the previous prospects about theVon Kármán crater,three candidate landing sites and the possible scientific discoveries are proposed. 相似文献
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