Influence of thickness and initial groove angle in M–K model on limit strain of 7B04 by considering through-thickness stress

Marciniack–Kuczinski (M–K) model is widely used to predict material’s forming limit curve (FLC). The prediction of FLC traditionally neglected through-thickness normal stress. However, it cannot be neglected in some forming processes. Much work has been done to study the effect of through-thickness normal stress on FLC with constant through-thickness normal stress or constant ratio of through-thickness normal stress and maximum principal stress. In addition, based on Nakazima test process, the ratio of through-thickness normal stress and maximum principal stress has been derived, which was a function of instantaneous thickness and loading path. Here, initial groove angle in M–K model was not considered. In this paper, uniaxial tension tests and Nakazima tests were performed on 7B04 aluminum alloy. Based on Hill 48 yield criterion and M–K model, the prediction model of FLC was established. The increase of thickness can enhance FLC. Meanwhile, it is necessary to consider through-thickness normal stress and initial groove angle in prediction model. On the left side of FLC, the effect of initial groove angle on FLC is weakened by increasing sheet thickness. On the right side of FLC, the effect of initial groove angle on FLC is strengthened by increasing sheet thickness. On the right side of FLC, the relation between limit strain points with different thicknesses is linear under one certain loading path. Thickness has decisive effect on through-thickness normal stress level and the changing trendy of through-thickness normal stress during calculation is different under different stress condition.     

A progressive approach to predict shot peening process parameters for forming integral panel of Al7050-T7451

In this paper, a progressive approach to predict the multiple shot peening process parameters for complex integral panel is proposed. Firstly, the invariable parameters in the forming process including shot size, mass flow, peening distance and peening angle are determined according to the empirical and machine type. Then, the optimal value of air pressure for the whole shot peening is selected by the experimental data. Finally, the feeding speed for every shot peening path is predicted by regression equation. The integral panel part with thickness from 2 mm to 5 mm and curvature radius from 3200 mm to 16000 mm is taken as a research object, and four experiments are conducted. In order to design specimens for acquiring the forming data, one experiment is conducted to compare the curvature radius of the plate and stringer-structural specimens, which were peened along the middle of the two stringers. The most striking finding of this experiment is that the outer shape error range is below 3.9%, so the plate specimens can be used in predicting feeding speed of the integral panel. The second experiment is performed and results show that when the coverage reaches the limit of 80%, the minimum feeding speed is 50 mm/s. By this feeding speed, the forming curvature radius of the specimens with different thickness from the third experiment is measured and compared with the research object, and the optimal air pressure is 0.15 MPa. Then, the plate specimens with thickness from 2 mm to 5 mm are peened in the fourth experiment, and the measured curvature radius data are used to calculate the feeding speed of different shot peening path by regressive analysis method. The algorithm is validated by forming a test part and the average deviation is 0.496 mm. It is shown that the approach can realize the forming of the integral panel precisely.     

中心极限定理用于近似计算时必须注意的问题

本文着重指出,在运用中心极限定理近似计算独立同泊松分布随机变量之和的概率时,通常只注意了取n适当大的值,从而导致了差异较大的不同结果。本文指出了不仅要使n适当的大,而且也要使nλ足够地大。当X_h是其他离散型随机变量时,也要考虑类似的问题。     

适用于含多个隐式极限状态方程的飞机结构系统安全分析新方法

工程复杂随机结构的概率安全分析中，最重要的两个步骤是建立所有失效模式的极限状态方程和计算所建立极限状态方程的失效概率。一般来说大型复杂工程结构的极限状态方程都是隐式的，且当材料参数、结构参数和外载荷等均为随机变量时，极限状态方程均为非线性的，为此文中提出了建立真实复杂结构多模式隐式极限方程的等效方法。该方法对于单个极限状态方程采用在均值点展开成线性项和高次项修正的方式，在概率等效的基础上，建立起原非线性隐式极限状态方程的概率等效线性显式极限状态方程。当结构系统所有极限状态方程都建立了其等效显式线性极限状态方程后，即可利用可得的可靠性分析方法来计算结构系统的等效失效概率。所提方法被用于真实飞机结构翼身连接接头的强度刚度多模式可靠性分析，与迭代响应面法计算结果的对比表明，所提方法具有较高的精度。并且所提方法可以与任何标准有限元程序相结合，而标准有限元程序是当今处理结构力学分析与设计的强有力的工具，文中方法提供了力学分析与概率安全分析相结合的合理连接，其应用前景将是十分广泛的。     

弹道式导弹的中段制导与控制

本文提出了一种中段制导的方案——“闭环路导引的中段制导方案”。该方案具有收敛快、节省推进剂能量、精度高等优点。文章较系统地进行了方案的推导,估计了其方法误差,提出了计算程序框图及计算结果,并与其他制导方案进行了比较。     

正态模型结构可靠性贝叶斯下限的计算方法

本文对正态模型结构可靠度的贝叶斯精确下限的评估公式提供一种新的计算方法。该方法能达到任意给定的精度。计算复杂度可由O(n~2)降为O(n)。程序结构简单,使用方便。     

防止Ⅱ型驾驶员诱发振荡技术的研究

许多严重的飞行事故都与由速率限制引起的Ⅱ型PIO有关。针对如何预防PIO，首先介绍了自适应杆增益和软件限制环节的设计原理。然后以某带速率限制的电传飞机为例，运用同一理论，分析采用自适应杆增益和软件限制环节来改善速率限制的不利影响。仿真结果表明，自适应杆增益环节和软件限制环节都能抑制住PIO的发生，但两者组合加入抑制效果更好，飞行品质也能达到满意的程度。     

飞机起落架仿真数学模型建立方法

阐述了以大系统理论部件建模为基础的轮式起落架仿真建模方法，通过分析机轮的运动特点，介绍了轮胎、减震支柱、前轮转向操纵系统和刹车系统的模型，研究了作用于起落架上的力、力矩及其传递过程，最后，通过计算和结果分析，证明该模型是正确的。     

建设工程项目工期优化分析

分析了传统的工期优化方法存在的不足，考虑建设项目提前投产的经济效益、缩短工期减少承包商固定资产占用带来的效益、缩短工期减少投资项目的固定资产及流动资金的上用时给业主带来的资金时间价值等因素，建立了工期优化的理论模型，与传统的工期——成本优化方法进行了比较分析，并给出了实用的优化方法。     

关于复合函数极限几个定理的探讨

本文对复合函数的极限做了细致的讨论，给出了6个定理。