燃气轮机间冷器结构改进试验研究

为了分析间冷器翅片高度、翅片厚度、隔板厚度等结构参数对换热性能的影响,根据船用间冷循环燃气轮机长期工作在海洋环境的性能要求及结构特点,初步设计了机上间冷器,并对其进行了试验验证。根据前期验证结果,对间冷器结构进行了迭代改进。结果表明:在一定范围内,翅片高度增加导致换热效率降低和总压恢复系数增大;翅片厚度增加,导致换热效率提高和总压恢复系数减小;隔板厚度增加导致换热效率降低。     

离心式压气机流-热-固耦合分析

利用松散耦合方法建立离心式压气机稳态流-热-固耦合模型,将离心式压气机解耦成气动、传热和结构三个子系统,子系统间存在热、力和变形的传递。由于不匹配的网格划分,利用反距离平均方法构造插值函数实现热与力向结构的传递,采用统一有限元模型实现热-固顺序耦合分析,利用网格重生成技术实现结构变形到气动分析模型的传递。经过3次迭代离心式压气机耦合系统达到收敛。结果表明,分析的离心式压气机内部流-热-固耦合强烈,耦合解法与非耦合解法得到压气机响应存在较大差异,对于多学科耦合强烈的构件,需要考虑学科间的耦合效应反应真实的工作状况。     

液体火箭发动机喷管发汗冷却研究

采用SSTk-ω湍流模型对液体火箭发动机喷管发汗冷却进行了全场耦合计算,考虑了不同孔隙率、变物性、可压缩性、多孔介质热弥散效应、微尺度流动以及传质等因素的影响,比对再生冷却分析了不同注入率对壁面温度、冷却效率以及边界层厚度的影响;结果表明平均注入率的增大使平均壁温以更大的比例降低,采用发汗冷却的喷管喉部不再是最高温的部位.将CFD计算结果分别与实验以及一维气动公式计算结果进行了比较,证实计算结果可靠.      

间冷回热循环航空发动机参数匹配研究

在常规大涵道比涡扇发动机热力循环基础上增加间冷过程和回热过程,发展了间冷回热循环航空发动机(IRA)的计算模型和相应的性能仿真程序.分析了采用间冷回热技术的分排大涵道比涡扇发动机的热力循环参数选择与匹配.结果表明:间冷度、回热度、外涵道间冷用气量、增压级和高压压气机压比分配、总增压比、涵道比等热力循环参数对IRA的性能有很大影响;合理应用间冷回热技术,并优化发动机热力循环参数匹配可以显著改善发动机的性能.      

涡扇发动机内外函回热分析

对吴仲华教授提出的航空涡扇发动机改为陆用输出轴功的一种最安全可靠办法-将外函空气由内函动力透平排气回热后也输出轴功,进行了基本的热力循环分析。按初步分析可知,此法宜用于函道比接近于1的总压比不太高的机组。按目前技术水平,采用此措施可以达到比“切顶”相对提高效率与功率10%左右。在我国有一定的应用前景。      

复杂构件MDO六面体网格重构方法

从参数化模型和模型拓扑特征出发,提出了一套六面体网格重构的有限元模型建模方法.同时,使用随动点来约束网格的拓扑边界,保证网格的正交性,确保了网格重构后的网格质量;结合现有的商用软件ICEM的网格生成算法,开发了基于特征的参数化有限元(FE)建模程序.最终,针对航空发动机低压涡轮带冠叶片的叶冠参数进行的多学科优化 (MDO),实例验证了网格重构方法的有效性和可行性.      

Integration of lessons from recent research for “Earth to Mars” life support systems

Development of reliable and robust strategies for long-term life support for planetary exploration must be built from real-time experimentation to verify and improve system components. Also critical is incorporating a range of viable options to handle potential short-term life system imbalances. This paper revisits some of the conceptual framework for a Mars base prototype which has been developed by the authors along with others previously advanced (“Mars on Earth^®”) in the light of three years of experimentation in the Laboratory Biosphere, further investigation of system alternatives and the advent of other innovative engineering and agri-ecosystem approaches. Several experiments with candidate space agriculture crops have demonstrated the higher productivity possible with elevated light levels and improved environmental controls. For example, crops of sweet potatoes exceeded original Mars base prototype projections by an average of 46% (53% for best crop) ultradwarf (Apogee) wheat by 9% (23% for best crop), pinto bean by 13% (31% for best crop). These production levels, although they may be increased with further optimization of lighting regimes, environmental parameters, crop density etc. offer evidence that a soil-based system can be as productive as the hydroponic systems which have dominated space life support scenarios and research. But soil also offers distinct advantages: the capability to be created on the Moon or Mars using in situ space resources, reduces long-term reliance on consumables and imported resources, and more readily recycling and incorporating crew and crop waste products. In addition, a living soil contains a complex microbial ecosystem which helps prevent the buildup of trace gases or compounds, and thus assist with air and water purification. The atmospheric dynamics of these crops were studied in the Laboratory Biosphere adding to the database necessary for managing the mixed stands of crops essential for supplying a nutritionally adequate diet in space. This paper explores some of the challenges of small bioregenerative life support: air-sealing and facility architecture/design, balance of short-term variations of carbon dioxide and oxygen through staggered plantings, options for additional atmospheric buffers and sinks, lighting/energy efficiency engineering, crop and waste product recycling approaches, and human factor considerations in the design and operation of a Mars base. An “Earth to Mars” project, forging the ability to live sustainably in space (as on Earth) requires continued research and testing of these components and integrated subsystems; and developing a step-by-step learning process.     

某间冷燃气轮机台架试验控制系统总体设计方案研究

为了研究某间冷燃气轮机的性能,需要研制1套控制系统完成燃气轮机在台架上的试车验证,并视情对燃气轮机的控制规律及参数进行修改。介绍了某间冷燃气轮机台架试验控制系统总体设计方案,详细地阐述该系统的组成、功能实现方案及控制逻辑、对燃气轮机的安全保护及数据监控等方面。描述了此系统的"六性"设计准则、研制风险、关键技术等。研究结果表明:该间冷燃气轮机控制系统的特点结构简单、原理合理、功能完善、技术成熟、工作安全可靠,证明该系统总体设计方案可行。     

基于网格重生成的涡轮叶片变形传递方法

在涡轮叶片多学科优化中需要在气动模型和结构模型之间进行耦合信息(气压、温度和变形等数据)传递,来考虑学科耦合的性质.采用修正几何外形和网格重生成的方法实现了叶片结构变形向气动模型传递.传递时在叶片几何模型上增加若干外形控制线,叶片的外形由这些控制线的形状来决定.根据叶片结构变形,调整控制线节点位置坐标,以修改叶片外形控制线的形状,可以实现变形向叶片几何模型的传递.进一步,重新生成气动网格,可以得到结构变形后叶片的气动网格模型.      

间冷回热燃气轮机发展现状

概述了国内外间冷回热燃气轮机的发展现状;结合国内情况,提出了发展大功率舰船用燃气轮机的建议。