冲压发动机点火前内流场数值仿真研究

冲压发动机在点火前由于燃烧室的压力较低,内通道流场状态与发动机正常工作时的差别很大。因此,在发动机设计时,必须要考虑形成正常点火条件对发动机结构的约束。本文利用有限体积法对N-S方程进行空间离散,对发动机点火前的不同内通道结构下的冷流场进行了数值模拟,结果表明稳定器和喷油装置对形成合理的点火条件很重要,稳定器的布局对点火状态有很大影响。     

试论规范高校内部审计责任

本文结合高校内部审计工作实际，论述了规范高校内部审计责任的现实意义。指出规范高校内部审计责任的内涵及其存在的问题。提出了加强规范高校内部审计责任的几项措施。     

Magnetosphere Imaging Instrument (MIMI) on the Cassini Mission to Saturn/Titan

The magnetospheric imaging instrument (MIMI) is a neutral and charged particle detection system on the Cassini orbiter spacecraft designed to perform both global imaging and in-situ measurements to study the overall configuration and dynamics of Saturn’s magnetosphere and its interactions with the solar wind, Saturn’s atmosphere, Titan, and the icy satellites. The processes responsible for Saturn’s aurora will be investigated; a search will be performed for substorms at Saturn; and the origins of magnetospheric hot plasmas will be determined. Further, the Jovian magnetosphere and Io torus will be imaged during Jupiter flyby. The investigative approach is twofold. (1) Perform remote sensing of the magnetospheric energetic (E > 7 keV) ion plasmas by detecting and imaging charge-exchange neutrals, created when magnetospheric ions capture electrons from ambient neutral gas. Such escaping neutrals were detected by the Voyager l spacecraft outside Saturn’s magnetosphere and can be used like photons to form images of the emitting regions, as has been demonstrated at Earth. (2) Determine through in-situ measurements the 3-D particle distribution functions including ion composition and charge states (E > 3 keV/e). The combination of in-situ measurements with global images, together with analysis and interpretation techniques that include direct “forward modeling’’ and deconvolution by tomography, is expected to yield a global assessment of magnetospheric structure and dynamics, including (a) magnetospheric ring currents and hot plasma populations, (b) magnetic field distortions, (c) electric field configuration, (d) particle injection boundaries associated with magnetic storms and substorms, and (e) the connection of the magnetosphere to ionospheric altitudes. Titan and its torus will stand out in energetic neutral images throughout the Cassini orbit, and thus serve as a continuous remote probe of ion flux variations near 20R _S (e.g., magnetopause crossings and substorm plasma injections). The Titan exosphere and its cometary interaction with magnetospheric plasmas will be imaged in detail on each flyby. The three principal sensors of MIMI consists of an ion and neutral camera (INCA), a charge–energy–mass-spectrometer (CHEMS) essentially identical to our instrument flown on the ISTP/Geotail spacecraft, and the low energy magnetospheric measurements system (LEMMS), an advanced design of one of our sensors flown on the Galileo spacecraft. The INCA head is a large geometry factor (G ∼ 2.4 cm² sr) foil time-of-flight (TOF) camera that separately registers the incident direction of either energetic neutral atoms (ENA) or ion species (≥5^∘ full width half maximum) over the range 7 keV/nuc < E < 3 MeV/nuc. CHEMS uses electrostatic deflection, TOF, and energy measurement to determine ion energy, charge state, mass, and 3-D anisotropy in the range 3 ≤ E ≤ 220 keV/e with good (∼0.05 cm² sr) sensitivity. LEMMS is a two-ended telescope that measures ions in the range 0.03 ≤ E ≤ 18 MeV and electrons 0.015 ≤ E≤ 0.884 MeV in the forward direction (G ∼ 0.02 cm² sr), while high energy electrons (0.1–5 MeV) and ions (1.6–160 MeV) are measured from the back direction (G ∼ 0.4 cm² sr). The latter are relevant to inner magnetosphere studies of diffusion processes and satellite microsignatures as well as cosmic ray albedo neutron decay (CRAND). Our analyses of Voyager energetic neutral particle and Lyman-α measurements show that INCA will provide statistically significant global magnetospheric images from a distance of ∼60 R _S every 2–3 h (every ∼10 min from ∼20 R _S). Moreover, during Titan flybys, INCA will provide images of the interaction of the Titan exosphere with the Saturn magnetosphere every 1.5 min. Time resolution for charged particle measurements can be < 0.1 s, which is more than adequate for microsignature studies. Data obtained during Venus-2 flyby and Earth swingby in June and August 1999, respectively, and Jupiter flyby in December 2000 to January 2001 show that the instrument is performing well, has made important and heretofore unobtainable measurements in interplanetary space at Jupiter, and will likely obtain high-quality data throughout each orbit of the Cassini mission at Saturn. Sample data from each of the three sensors during the August 18 Earth swingby are shown, including the first ENA image of part of the ring current obtained by an instrument specifically designed for this purpose. Similarily, measurements in cis-Jovian space include the first detailed charge state determination of Iogenic ions and several ENA images of that planet’s magnetosphere.This revised version was published online in July 2005 with a corrected cover date.     

非正交弧线齿面齿轮齿面设计及根切研究

非正交弧线齿面齿轮是以端面渐开线弧线齿圆柱齿轮为假想刀具包络展成的面齿轮。根据面齿轮啮合原理推导了非正交弧线齿面齿轮齿面方程,结合Matlab数学模型和根切理论研究了该种面齿轮的根切现象,计算出面齿轮不产生根切的最大内径,并通过Catia仿真滚齿来验证计算的准确性。该研究旨在提出一种新型非正交面齿轮,通过理论推导及仿真模拟来研究该种面齿轮的根切现象,在此基础上探究非正交弧线齿面齿轮的内径影响因素。研究结果表明:在同等参数下,当位置参数增大时,刀具渐开线截面高度和内径逐渐减小,当刀具圆弧半径增大时,内径逐渐减小,刀具渐开线截面高度逐渐增大。     

红外窗口内冷防热机理及其性能预测

给出了红外窗口内冷防热机理和防热性能预测.以液氨作为冷却剂在窗口内通道流动,利用液氨由液态转化为气态的相变过程中大量吸热的特性,达到冷却窗口的目的.并采用有限元方法计算外部具有对流加热,内部有冷却剂吸热的窗口材料温度分布.本文计算结果与地面电弧加热器实验测量结果作了比较,两者较为吻合,验证了防热预测方法的可行性.     

固体冲压发动机喷管用C/C-SiC复合材料

采用"化学气相渗透+先驱体浸渍裂解"(CVI+PIP)混合工艺制备固体冲压发动机用C/C-SiC复合材料喷管内层,综合考查复合材料的微观结构、弯曲性能和抗烧蚀性能以及固冲发动机C/C-SiC喷管内层水压和点火实验。结果表明:复合材料的弯曲强度达到197 MPa,且断裂破坏行为呈现典型的韧性模式;复合材料具有优异的抗氧化烧蚀性能,氧化烧蚀200 s后线烧蚀率仅为0.0063 mm·s-1;研制的C/C-SiC复合材料构件的水压爆破压强为6.5 MPa,表明构件具有良好的整体承载能力;C/C-SiC复合材料喷管内层高温综合性能通过了固体冲压发动机点火实验考核。     

顺载和管径对管内水沸腾两相流流动性的影响

利用地面转台旋转产生的离心力模拟飞行过载,并在此过载作用下进行了不同管径内沸水两相流实验.通过改变过载大小、管径、沸水流量等参数,得到沸水流动特性的初步变化规律,并对顺载作用下沸水的流型进行了拍摄.结果显示顺载和管径对沸水的流动会产生明显的影响.顺载作用使管内出现了一些新流型,并且增加了流动的不稳定性.压差随顺载的增大而减小,且管径越大其减小的程度越大.实验结果增加了动载下管道内工质流动特性的数据积累,同时对飞行器上蒸发循环制冷系统的理论分析和设计提供一定的借鉴和参考.      

内压缩通道几何参数对高超声速进气道性能的影响

用N-S方程模拟了一系列不同收缩比、不同波系配置的内压缩通道内流动,研究了内压收缩通道几何参数对进气道性能的影响,发现对于相同的外压段,内压面积收缩比对进气道内压缩通道温升比、压比和起动性能具有较好的相似规律,且随着内压面积收缩比增加,进气道温升比、压比增加,出口流场畸变下降,起动马赫数增大。通过对相同压比下不同内外压缩比的进气道性能的研究,得到了内外压缩比对进气道效率和起动性能的影响规律,发现压缩程度相同时,进气道效率和起动马赫数均随内外压缩比有先增大后减小再增大的规律。     

基于结构光扫描数据点的内表面重建方法

提出基于结构光扫描获取的特征点重建物体内表面的方法.结构光扫描获取原始数据精度较高,但是存在数据密度不均的问题.通过剔除测量方向部分冗余数据点和插补扫描方向的稀疏数据,对原始三维数据密度进行适当调整,然后采用基于局部切平面簇的方法对调整后的数据点云进行表面重建.在某一特征点的邻域构造对应于该点的局部切平面,通过局部切平面簇逼近原始表面,采用Marching cubes算法提取等值面,得到三维表面重建的初始网格,根据优化算法简化网格,并采用Loop细分法平滑网格,获得描述物体表面特征的重建表面.该方法解决了由结构光扫描获取的不均匀原始数据点重建物体内表面的问题.      

喉栓式变推力发动机性能研究

利用建立的等效喉部面积计算方法,确定了喉栓式变推力发动机中喉栓构型、喉栓位置、喉部面积之间的重要关系,比较了不同构型发动机推力调节性能的差异。针对喉栓介入后发动机内复杂波系、流动分离等非传统流动现象开展稳态数值模拟,预示了变推力过程中发动机的整体性能;并将计算的稳态平衡压强、推力与原理样机的试验数据进行了对比,结果较为一致,验证了变推力的可行性和数值模型的有效性。所得结论可为变推力固体火箭发动机的设计、试验及应用提供参考依据。