电铸镍Wolter I型光学系统制造技术发展综述

摘要： 为满足未来脉冲星导航和空间天文观测任务对X射线望远镜的载荷需求，Wolter I光学系统的研制正逐渐成为新的研究热点，电铸镍方案是当前国内外X射线光学系统镜筒制造的主要技术方案.文章对电铸镍X射线光学系统制造工艺、国内外研制现状、未来应用需求进行了介绍和整理，梳理了电铸镍X射线光学系统研制遇到的关键技术和难点，提出了后续研究发展建议，以促进中国在 X射线脉冲星自主导航、空间探测领域的快速发展.     

27-day variation in solar-terrestrial parameters: Global characteristics and an origin based approach of the signals

The Earth and the near interplanetary medium are affected by the Sun in different ways. Those processes generated in the Sun that induce perturbations into the Magnetosphere-Ionosphere system are called geoeffective processes and show a wide range of temporal variations, like the 11-year solar cycle (long term variations), the variation of ～27?days (recurrent variations), solar storms enduring for some days, particle acceleration events lasting for some hours, etc.In this article, the periodicity of ～27?days associated with the solar synodic rotation period is investigated. The work is mainly focused on studying the resulting 27-day periodic signal in the magnetic activity, by the analysis of the horizontal component of the magnetic field registered on a set of 103 magnetic observatories distributed around the world. For this a new method to isolate the periodicity of interest has been developed consisting of two main steps: the first one consists of removing the linear trend corresponding to every calendar year from the data series, and the second one of removing from the resulting series a smoothed version of it obtained by applying a 30-day moving average. The result at the end of this process is a data series in which all the signal with periods larger than 30?days are canceled.The most important characteristics observed in the resulting signals are two main amplitude modulations: the first and most prominent related to the 11-year solar cycle and the second one with a semiannual pattern. In addition, the amplitude of the signal shows a dependence on the geomagnetic latitude of the observatory with a significant discontinuity at approx. ±60°.The processing scheme was also applied to other parameters that are widely used to characterize the energy transfer from the Sun to the Earth: F10.7 and Mg II indices and the ionospheric vertical total electron content (vTEC) were considered for radiative interactions; and the solar wind velocity for the non-radiative interactions between the solar wind and the magnetosphere. The 27-day signal obtained in the magnetic activity was compared with the signals found in the other parameters resulting in a series of cross-correlations curves with maximum correlation between 3 and 5?days of delays for the radiative and between 0 and 1?days of delay for the non-radiative parameters. This result supports the idea that the physical process responsible for the 27-day signal in the magnetic activity is related to the solar wind and not to the solar electromagnetic radiation.     

用于导弹系统性能统计分析的统计线性化伴随法

本文在研究ＳＬＡＭ方法基础上，进行了理论推导和计算方法方面的改进，并将此方法应用于导弹系统性能的统计分析，计算机仿真结果表明该方法与采用ＣＡＤＥＴ方法的结果完全一致。     

太阳同步卫星轨道参数的容许偏差分析

飞行任务对卫星轨道提出指标要求，这些指标决定了卫星轨道参数的容许偏差范围。结合太阳同步(准)回归轨道卫星的轨道特性，针对覆盖重叠率、太阳同步等指标，使用解析方法讨论了大气阻力摄动影响下轨道参数的容许偏差，通过分析可以初步确定轨道控制策略及能量需求，最终为轨道保持方法的设计提供参考和依据。     

欧拉方程多重网格方法及三维跨声速大迎角流动数值计算

本文给出一种粗、细网格时间步长可调整匹配至最优组合的多重网格方法以获得在最细网格上最大的加速收敛效益，二重网格中节省机时可达３５％。文中的数值方法可用于飞行器跨声速大迎角无粘有旋的涡干扰流场的模拟研究。     

低纬地磁Z分量的半年变化

利用武汉、广州、泉州和琼中等4个低纬地磁站连续多年的地磁资料，计算了各月5个磁静日Z分量日均值与中午1100---1300时段平均值之差(Dz)，对每年12个Dz采用多元回归分析方法，得到各年的半年变化幅度和相位．结果表明：4个站的Dz每年都有半年变化现象；半年变化幅度与太阳活动有关，一般来说，太阳活动高年Dz半年变化幅度明显大于太阳活动低年；太阳活动本身的半年变化，对Dz半年变化幅度有显著的调制作用；Dz半年变化的相位在3—4月(或9—10月)，即极大值出现在分季；低纬地区地磁Z分量存在显著的半年变化，能够反映赤道电急流也有明显的半年变化，这再一次证明，赤道电急流幅度的半年变化，通过“喷泉效应”使得电离层，f0F2产生半年变化，其是产生，f0F2半年变化的一个主要因素．     

变攻角下孔隙射流对高负荷扩压叶栅气动性能的影响

本文对采用孔隙射流的某大折转角雎气机叶栅进行了实验研究．给出了不同攻角下叶栅流道内的静压分布、表面极限流线以及出口流场的气动参数,通过在不同叶高处开孔探讨了孔隙射流位置对大负荷扩压叶栅气动性能的影响。实验结果表明,孔隙位置对端壁静压的影响不大;开多孔方案对叶栅气动性能的影响要强于单孔方案：在设计攻角下,孔隙射流能够改善角区流动,同时降低叶片中部损失,单孔方案的最佳开孔位置位于25％相对叶高处,质量平均能量损失系数相对原形叶栅降低4．75％,开多孔方案巾能量损失相对原形叶栅最多降低5．52％：在负攻角下．孔隙射流导致叶栅性能下降,而在正攻角下,孔隙射流大幅提高叶栅性能,能量损失系数相对原形叶栅最多降低12．7％。     

冲角变化对涡轮叶栅内间隙流动的影响

航空发动机涡轮工作效率的损失很大程度在于涡轮叶尖间隙损失,而叶尖区域泄漏流动的形成机理强烈地依赖于叶栅的运行工况,因此有必要研究来流冲角的变化对涡轮叶栅内间隙流动的影响。为此在低速风洞中对三套不同叶片积迭线形状的矩形叶栅进行了实验,测量了间隙内以及沿流动方向8个横截面的气动参数。通过对实验结果的分析和讨论,认为随着冲角的增加叶顶压差与端壁流道横向压力梯度增大,同时叶栅的总流动损失也随之增加。     

冲角变化对涡轮静叶栅流场的影响

为了研究亚临界600MW汽轮机高压第九级静叶原型和改型叶栅的变冲角气动特性,对两套环形叶栅在0°和±10°冲角下在哈尔滨工业大学能源科学与工程学院的低速环形风洞中进行了对比实验研究。实验结果表明,冲角变化仅影响改型和原型叶栅流道前半部分的横向压力梯度,对流道后半部分的流动影响不大;与原型叶栅相比较,改型叶栅不仅降低了流动损失,而且比原型叶栅具有更好的变冲角特性。