Review and propositions for the sliding/impact wear behavior in a contact interface

A thermal-solid-liquid complex operational environment induces structural interface developing a typical coupling sliding/impact wear behavior. It results in contact damage until systems fail, which may cause significant economic losses and catastrophic consequences. The key point of solving this problem is to reveal the coupling damage mechanism of the sliding/impact behavior in typical systems and life characterization under a complicate evolving environment. This has been a hot topic in the area of mechanical reliability. The main work in this paper can be concluded as follows. Firstly, the main industries in which the “sliding/impact behavior” takes place have been introduced. Then, existing studies on the wear mechanism and degree analysis are presented, which includes surface morphology analysis, wear debris analysis, and wear degree measurement. Meanwhile, existing problems in theoretical modeling and experiments in current research are summarized, so as to point out a bright direction for future research on wear prediction. They include interface contact modeling, mathematic coupling mechanism modeling, wear equation establishment, and wear life characterization, which can provide some new ideas for improving the existing studies on the sliding/impact wear behavior.     

等质量异形粒子超高速撞击侵蚀

用数值方法模拟双锥，圆柱，椭球、圆锥和倒圆锥五类等质量异形铝粒子五种高宽比共２５种粒子对半无限铝靶的超高速撞击侵蚀，撞击速度为４ｋｍ／ｓ，给出了坑深、坑径、坑形参数和坑体积随粒子形状及高宽比的变化曲线。结果与非圆球异形粒子超高速撞击侵蚀计算有重要参考价值。     

Emergence of a Habitable Planet

We address the first several hundred million years of Earth’s history. The Moon-forming impact left Earth enveloped in a hot silicate atmosphere that cooled and condensed over ∼1,000 yrs. As it cooled the Earth degassed its volatiles into the atmosphere. It took another ∼2 Myrs for the magma ocean to freeze at the surface. The cooling rate was determined by atmospheric thermal blanketing. Tidal heating by the new Moon was a major energy source to the magma ocean. After the mantle solidified geothermal heat became climatologically insignificant, which allowed the steam atmosphere to condense, and left behind a ∼100 bar, ∼500 K CO₂ atmosphere. Thereafter cooling was governed by how quickly CO₂ was removed from the atmosphere. If subduction were efficient this could have taken as little as 10 million years. In this case the faint young Sun suggests that a lifeless Earth should have been cold and its oceans white with ice. But if carbonate subduction were inefficient the CO₂ would have mostly stayed in the atmosphere, which would have kept the surface near ∼500 K for many tens of millions of years. Hydrous minerals are harder to subduct than carbonates and there is a good chance that the Hadean mantle was dry. Hadean heat flow was locally high enough to ensure that any ice cover would have been thin (<5 m) in places. Moreover hundreds or thousands of asteroid impacts would have been big enough to melt the ice triggering brief impact summers. We suggest that plate tectonics as it works now was inadequate to handle typical Hadean heat flows of 0.2–0.5 W/m². In its place we hypothesize a convecting mantle capped by a ∼100 km deep basaltic mush that was relatively permeable to heat flow. Recycling and distillation of hydrous basalts produced granitic rocks very early, which is consistent with preserved >4 Ga detrital zircons. If carbonates in oceanic crust subducted as quickly as they formed, Earth could have been habitable as early as 10–20 Myrs after the Moon-forming impact.     

Modelling of Ejecta as a Space Debris Source

When a micro-debris or a micrometeoroid impacts a spacecraft surface, a large number of secondary particles, called ejecta, are produced. These particles can contribute to a modification of the debris environment: either locally by the occurrence of secondary impacts on the components of complex and large space structures, or at great distance by the formation of a population of small orbital debris. This paper describes firstly, the ejecta overall production, and secondly, the lifetime and the orbital evolution of the particles. Finally the repartition of ejecta in LEO is computed. Some results describing the population as a function of size and altitude are presented.     

利用遥测数据预报导弹落点的方法

给出利用遥测数据对导弹进行落点预报的方法。根据遥测数据传输多遍的特点，对解码后的ＰＣＭ 数据进行处理，得到误码率很小的数据。然后对头体分离时刻前导弹飞行的状况和遥测数据进行分析，从而对发动机后效误差进行修正，得到较精确的导弹运动参数，最后利用弹道方程预报导弹落点     

Numerical Simulation of Impact Loading on Solid Propellant Within an Orthotropic Shell

The strain–stress state of the solid propellant rocket engines (SPREs) is simulated under impact. The effect of orientation of elastic and strength properties of orthotropic organoplastic shell material on the strain–stress state of the solid propellant is investigated. Normal and oblique impact of single steel cylinder projectiles, both simultaneous and at different times of multiple, converging steel spheric particles with SPRE are investigated in this study. The investigation is conducted numerically. The numerical modeling was carried out in a three-dimensional formulation by the method of finite elements for the continuous approach of the mechanics of a deformable solid. The destruction of the anisotropic material is described by the tensor-polynomial criterion of the fourth degree, which takes into account the influence of hydrostatic pressure.     

大型冲压翼伞新技术

文中针对大型冲压翼伞发展的两大难题:开伞动力学和收口技术,介绍了两种分析大型冲压翼伞气动力性能的方法——飞行性能模拟法和有限元模拟法,最后介绍了美国先锋公司开发的中幅收口技术。     

航天飞机在飞行时的损害评估

文章介绍了用约翰逊空间中心超高速碰撞试验设备(HIT-F)上的BUMPER计算程序,对航天飞机观察窗表面在低地球轨道(LEO)环境受到超高速碰撞时的损害进行预测,并与实际损害情况进行了比较。     

歼击机特殊部件设计载荷谱编制技术

介绍了用飞行模拟仿真法编制新机设计载荷谱的技术途径和特点.重点阐述了整体油箱压力/应力谱和垂尾阵风侧滑机动谱等歼击机特殊部件设计载荷谱编制技术.整体油箱载荷谱编制的关键在于各种载荷状态的压力计算,还应考虑地-空-地循环.垂尾谱不能完全由飞行模拟获得,而必须以空测统计数据为基础.     

直升机疲劳和静力试验伺服控制系统的研究

本文主要详细的介绍了用于直升机动部件结构的疲劳和静力试验中全数字式的多通道伺服控制系统的总体设计及各功能模块的划分。