含金属纳米线多孔铝膜微偏振器的研究

含金属纳米线的多孔铝膜在近红外光区表现出较好的偏振特性。基于金属线栅偏振器的偏振原理,从金属纳米线对不同方向偏振光的消光机理出发,构建了以一排纳米线为研究对象的理论模型,分别计算了电矢量平行于纳米线轴向的偏振光（P）和电矢量垂直于纳米线轴向的偏振光（S）垂直入射时的光学损耗。在入射光波长固定的条件下,得到了P分量光、S分量光的透射率与模板孔径的关系。     

跨声速流自发凝结水滴的测量

应用基于多波长消光法原理发展的光学探针,测量了跨声速风洞中不同马赫数湿空气流自发凝结形成的水滴尺寸及浓度,并给出了实验结果     

Microstructure and Optical Characterization of Magnetron Sputtered NbN Thin Films

Some fundamental studies on the preparation, structure and optical properties of NbN films were carried out. NbN thin films were deposited by DC reactive magnetron sputtering at different N2 partial pressures and different substrate temperatures ranging from –50 ℃ to 600 ℃. X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were employed to characterize their phase com- ponents, microstructures, grain sizes and surface morphology. Optical properties inclusive of refractive indexes, extinction coefficients and transmittance of the NbN films under different sputtering conditions were measured. With the increase in the N2 partial pressure, δ-NbN phase structure gets forming and the grain size and lattice constant of the cubic NbN increasing. The deposited NbN film has relatively high values of refractive index and extinction coefficient in the wavelength ranging from 240 nm to 830 nm. Substrate tem- perature exerts notable influences on the microstructure and optical transmittance of the NbN films. The grain sizes of the δ-NbN film remarkably increase with the rise of the substrate temperature, while the transmittance of the films with the same thickness decreases. Ultra-fine granular film with particle size of several nanometers forms when the substrate is cooled to –50 ℃, and a remarkable aug- mentation of transmittance could be noticed under so low a temperature.     

在激波管中粒子阻力系数的实验研究

在激波管中用消光法测量了气固两相流动激波松弛区的粒子浓度。基于一维静止激波理论和理想“等效气体”模型,实验确定了粒子阻力系数。拟合实验结果,得到了阻力系数与粒子雷诺数之间的实验关系式:C_D=4300/Re~(1.57)。     

当量比对连续旋转爆轰燃烧室特性的影响

为了探究当量比对甲烷-空气连续旋转爆轰燃烧室（CRDC）特性的影响,利用二维可压缩欧拉方程对CRDC进行了数值研究,分析了爆轰波的发展过程和贫燃熄火过程,对比了不同工况下CRDC特性参数的变化情况。结果表明:CRDC起爆后燃烧场在由不稳定状态到相对稳定状态的过程中发生了2次碰撞,当进气当量比较低时,CRDC未能完全发生2次碰撞过程就已经熄爆。随着进气当量比的降低,爆轰波传播速度、轴向平均速度、出口平均温度、出口平均总压均呈下降趋势;增压比随当量比降低而减小的根本原因在于旋转爆轰燃烧过程和等压燃烧过程的熵增差减小,使吉布斯自由能增量差减小。CRDC的燃料驻留时间处于亚毫秒量级,燃烧热效率保持在99%以上。      

雾对能见度的影响估算

由于雾的产生造成的低能见度严重影响了飞机的起飞和着陆．通过分析能见度的微观影响因子得出具体的能见度数学关系式,为后续研究提供依据。通过对雾滴建立模型,即将雾滴看作均匀的球形粒子从几何光学角度分析了能见度降低的原因,用Matlab软件对雾滴谱分布进行拟合。在忽略复折射率和波长影响的情况下,主要考虑雾滴数密度与含水量是主要的影响因子,得出了能见度两种定量关系式。通过比较分析,将雾滴看作大小相同来计算能见度较准确,拟合的雾滴谱分布表明所建立雾滴模型的正确性。     

径向旋流器气量分配对点火熄火特性的影响

针对第2级径向旋流器的气量分配对点火熄火特性的影响进行了研究.试验结果表明:对于采用同向旋转强旋流的旋流杯,空气雾化喷嘴在气液比大于3后会形成稳定的液雾,在常温常压起动点火以及熄火工况下,燃烧室中的燃油已基本雾化完全.第1,2级旋流器的气量比从0.8变化至1.2后,旋流杯液滴韦伯数大于40,液滴已进行充分的二次雾化,增加第2级旋流器气量不会进一步改善雾化质量,因此对点火和熄火特性基本无影响.      

基于透射法的能见度测量装置设计与实验研究

探索并实现了一种新型的单端透射式能见度测量装置,该装置是一种易于对准调校的便携式测量系统。介绍了装置的基本设计思路及主要测量原理,进行了装置与参考仪器的能见度测量比对实验。实验验证了装置测量能见度的性能,测量相对误差在±15%以内。     

The atmospheric composition,extinction and luminosity of the LBV R71

ESO 3.6m Caspec spectra of the LMC luminous blue variable (LBV) taken at minimum have been analysed using NLTE model atmospheres and line formation calculations to derive atmospheric parameters and chemical composition. Using the silicon ionization balance and the hydrogen Balmer lines we deriveT _eff =17250, log g=1.80 and a microturbulent velocity of 15–20 km/s. The analysis yields abundance ratios by number of approximately 0.43 for He/H, 0.03 for C/N and 0.14 for O/N, implying that enrichment of the atmosphere by processed material has taken place. We have re-evaluated the reddening of R71 using IUE low resolution data and published UBVRIJHKL photometry and derive a value for A _V of 0.63. We also construct an extinction curve using archive IUE data for mid-B LMC supergiants and show that the extinction is anomalous; the 2175A bump being almost absent and the far UV rise very pronounced. A comparison of our model flux in theV-band with the observed (dereddened)V magnitude and the D.M. of the LMC (18.45), implies that the bolometric magnitude or R71 is –9.9. This is significantly higher than the value of –9.0 usually adopted for R71 and suggests that this object may not in fact be a subluminous LBV.     

星敏感器遮光罩消光比定量测试及数据处理方法

面向星敏感器在轨工作时的杂光抑制需求,开展星敏感器遮光罩消光比定量测试及数据处理方法研究。基于高灵敏度弱光探测组件、高精度电控转台以及太阳模拟器搭建杂光集成测试平台,在电控转台步进电机的驱动下实现不同光照角度时遮光罩消光比测量数据的实时获取。根据构建的数据处理模型计算获得遮光罩的消光比,并基于A类不确定度评定方法完成消光比测量的不确定度分析。从测量结果可以看到,在光照入射天顶角达到保护角30度时,消光比测量值达到10-6量级,在光照入射天顶角为54度时,消光比测量值达到10-7量级,且多次测量数据的变化规律基本一致。测量结果表明了测量方案的合理性和可行性,可为星敏感器系统方案设计、测试与评估提供重要的技术支持。