变势能阱双稳态气动弹性能量收集的性能增强研究

提出一种新型的磁耦合变势能阱双稳态压电颤振能量收集器，设计了外部磁场作用下颤振能量收集系统的双稳态构型，并利用弹性支撑的外部磁铁的运动实现了变势能阱技术，解释了变势能阱双稳态对颤振能量收集系统的性能增强机理。建立了磁力-压电-气动弹性耦合的颤振能量收集系统的动力学分析模型，根据非线性磁偶极模型以及平衡点稳定性理论，讨论了系统出现双稳态构型的参数条件。对磁耦合双稳态颤振能量收集系统的动态特性进行了数值仿真研究，结果显示，双稳态构型能够使无磁力颤振能量收集系统的超临界颤振行为转变为亚临界颤振，发生极限环振动的风速能够降低50%以上，拓宽了能量收集器的有效工作风速范围，并分析了磁铁间距、磁偶极矩对能量收集性能的影响规律。采用弹性支撑的外部磁铁的运动来自适应调节内外部磁铁之间的距离，达到变势能阱的目的，有效地降低了双稳态的势能阱深度，使系统更容易发生双稳态势能阱间的跃迁运动，从而在双稳态的设计基础上，实现了能量收集工作风速范围和输出电功率的同步提升，为低风速下的能量收集提供了一种有效的设计途径。     

太阳能飞机循环飞行的高度剖面能量策略

为满足设定的太阳能飞机多日连续飞行条件，依据飞行过程中当前时刻的飞行高度、光伏输出功率、动力电池组余量等系统状态参数，研究如何分配动力电池组充放电和电推进系统输入等功率。所用策略立足于实时功率平衡，充分利用正午前后的光伏峰值功率用于飞机爬升及充电，在午后下滑过程中利用全部光伏输出，以最大化利用光伏资源；在光伏有效输出不足时则以一定的维持功率下滑，使能量的综合损失最小。方法能够提高以预定夜间飞行高度连续多日续航的成功率，提升飞行高度、纬度、季节范围或搭载能力，或者拓展这几种飞行条件的组合域，优化太阳能飞机的适用性。     

流动阻力及能量损失对注射成型制件的影响

本文分析了在塑料熔体充满型腔的过程中，流动阻力及能量损失产生的形式和物理原因，进而讨论了对塑料制件成型及凝固过程中的影响。并提出降低影响的措施。     

Water Cherenkov detectors:MILAGRO

This paper discusses the properties of using the water Cherenkov technique to detect air showers in the few hundred GeV to 100 TeV energy range. The responses of a 6 m² 2 m deep water Cherenkov counter and that of a 6 m² 10cm thick scintillator-lead sandwich counter to air shower electrons and photons is described. The advantages of water Cherenkov detector is outlined. Its application to do VHE gamma ray astronomy is discussed with particular reference to the MILAGRO telescope currently under construction. Milagro, a water-Cherenkov detector to do gamma ray astronomy above 100 Gev, uses an existing pool 60m × 80m by 8m, located in the Jemez mountains near Los Alamos, NM. The threshold of the MILAGRO detector is comparable to atmospheric Cherenkov detectors, however it has several advantages over these optical detectors. MILAGRO can operate 24 hours a day in all weather conditions and it has an open aperture which allows it to view the entire northern sky every day. These capabilities allow for a systematic all-sky survey to be done for the first time at these energies. MILAGRO will measure the Crab spectrum with high significance over a wide energy range, it will detect and measure the spectra from AGN's such as MRK 421 and it will search for short duration bursts from GRBs and possibly evaporating PBHs.     

新建他激反激变换器方程及其解析解

引用文 [1 ]的思路 ,寻找他激反激变换器的运行状态特征参量 (磁通密度增量、剩余磁通密度和占空比 )与构成这一变换器的基本物理参量之间的函数关系。首先阐明由于频率给定 ,他激反激变换器稳态运行时会出现无剩磁工况和有剩磁工况两种。而后确定这两种工况下 ,磁路等效储能空间单位体积每个周期的传输能量 (命名为“磁能传输密度”)。在这基础上 ,分别建立和解出他激反激变换器在不同工况下稳定运行时应满足的方程。最后根据所得的解析解阐明这种变换器的特性。本文和文 [1 ],以磁路分析为基础建立了一种新的反激变换器理论。     

Aiming at a 1-cm Orbit for Low Earth Orbiters: Reduced-Dynamic and Kinematic Precise Orbit Determination

The computation of high-accuracy orbits is a prerequisite for the success of Low Earth Orbiter (LEO) missions such as CHAMP, GRACE and GOCE. The mission objectives of these satellites cannot be reached without computing orbits with an accuracy at the few cm level. Such a level of accuracy might be achieved with the techniques of reduced-dynamic and kinematic precise orbit determination (POD) assuming continuous Satellite-to-Satellite Tracking (SST) by the Global Positioning System (GPS). Both techniques have reached a high level of maturity and have been successfully applied to missions in the past, for example to TOPEX/POSEIDON (T/P), leading to (sub-)decimeter orbit accuracy. New LEO gravity missions are (to be) equipped with advanced GPS receivers promising to provide very high quality SST observations thereby opening the possibility for computing cm-level accuracy orbits. The computation of orbits at this accuracy level does not only require high-quality GPS receivers, but also advanced and demanding observation preprocessing and correction algorithms. Moreover, sophisticated parameter estimation schemes need to be adapted and extended to allow the computation of such orbits. Finally, reliable methods need to be employed for assessing the orbit quality and providing feedback to the different processing steps in the orbit computation process. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

测定钡含量的快速方法

本文研究了测定钡盐中钡含量的快速方法。该法是基于被测的钡离子与过量的铬酸钠标准溶液反应形成铬酸钡沉淀，剩余的铬酸根离子以溴甲酚绿-甲基红为混合指示剂，用盐酸标准溶液滴定，而间接测定钡的量。该法操作简便、快速，可应用于多种钡盐中钡的测定。     

复合材料元件吸能能力的数值模拟

运用MSC／DYTRAN有限元软件，对碳纤维一环氧树脂“┼”字型、“┬”字型、“┐”字型3种典型复合材料元件的破坏过程、峰值栽荷、平均栽荷和能量吸收能力进行了数值模拟研究。鉴于MSC／DYTRAN有限元软件不能直接用于复合材料的吸能分析，分析时采用了等效的方法。将复合材料结构元件的数值计算结果与准静态轴向压溃试验的结果进行对比，两者较为一致，从而说明运用该有限元软件并采用等效的方法模拟复合材料结构吸能能力的可行性。     

星光折射航天器自主定轨方案比较

当星光透射大气发生折射时 ,用星光折射角精确地反映星光在大气中离地球表面的高度 ,并建立高度、航天器与地球的几何关系。通过对折射角进行观测 ,间接测得地平 ,从而改善了用地平仪直接测地平所造成的航天器自主导航精度低的不足。本文提出了几种利用星光折射的航天器自主定轨方案 ,并作了细致的仿真实验 ,对直接和间接两种测量地平方法以及几种星光折射自主定轨方案进行了分析比较。     

非线性条件下编队卫星周期性相对运动条件

利用编队卫星机械能守恒原理，提出了非线性条件下求解编队卫星周期性相对运动条件的新方法，给出了非线性周期相对运动的初始条件。编队卫星相对距离较近时，利用非线性周期运动条件，可修正Hill方程的初始条件，抑制编队卫星的长期漂移。编队卫星相对距离较大，非线性因素不可忽略时，利用非线性周期运动条件，可找到不需消耗任何燃料的周期性相对运动轨道。最后的数值仿真结果验证了该方法的正确性。