变势能阱双稳态气动弹性能量收集的性能增强研究

提出一种新型的磁耦合变势能阱双稳态压电颤振能量收集器，设计了外部磁场作用下颤振能量收集系统的双稳态构型，并利用弹性支撑的外部磁铁的运动实现了变势能阱技术，解释了变势能阱双稳态对颤振能量收集系统的性能增强机理。建立了磁力-压电-气动弹性耦合的颤振能量收集系统的动力学分析模型，根据非线性磁偶极模型以及平衡点稳定性理论，讨论了系统出现双稳态构型的参数条件。对磁耦合双稳态颤振能量收集系统的动态特性进行了数值仿真研究，结果显示，双稳态构型能够使无磁力颤振能量收集系统的超临界颤振行为转变为亚临界颤振，发生极限环振动的风速能够降低50%以上，拓宽了能量收集器的有效工作风速范围，并分析了磁铁间距、磁偶极矩对能量收集性能的影响规律。采用弹性支撑的外部磁铁的运动来自适应调节内外部磁铁之间的距离，达到变势能阱的目的，有效地降低了双稳态的势能阱深度，使系统更容易发生双稳态势能阱间的跃迁运动，从而在双稳态的设计基础上，实现了能量收集工作风速范围和输出电功率的同步提升，为低风速下的能量收集提供了一种有效的设计途径。     

燃气的基准表及图制定

本文在阐述基准的热力学概念基础上,提出了燃气基准的计算方法,应用CHAPPELL推荐的有关燃气热力性质表达式,导出计算燃气基准的公式,通过微机计算,将结果整理成燃气基准的有关表、图。     

新型精密狭缝的设计

介绍了一种基于弹性铰链的精密狭缝的设计，加工工艺要求和性能测试结果。根据实际需要，狭缝可以采用水冷结构。     

Solar and Heliospheric Modulation of Galactic Cosmic Rays

The significance of external influences on the environment of Earth and its atmosphere has become evident during recent years. Especially, on time scales of several hundred years, the cosmogenic isotope concentration during the Wolf-, Spoerer-, Maunder- and Dalton-Minimum indicates an increased cosmic ray flux. Because these grand minima of solar activity coincide with cold periods, a correlation of the Earth climate with the cosmic ray intensities is plausible. Any quantitative study of the effects of energetic particles on the atmosphere and environment of the Earth must address their transport to Earth and their interactions with the Earth’s atmosphere including their filtering by the terrestrial magnetosphere. The first problem is one of the fundamental problems in modern cosmic ray astrophysics, and corresponding studies began in the 1960s based on Parker’s cosmic ray modulation theory taking into account diffusion, convection, adiabatic deceleration, and (later) the drift of energetic particles in the global heliospheric magnetic field. It is well established that all of these processes determining the modulation of cosmic rays are depending on parameters that are varying with the solar magnetic cycle. Therefore, the galactic cosmic ray intensities close to Earth is the result of a complex modulation of the interstellar galactic spectrum within the heliosphere. The modern view of this cosmic ray modulation is summarized in our contribution.     

航空运价的弹性分析

本文运用价格的弹性理论,分析中国民航三次调整运价的客票价弹性,客观地评价调整运价所产生的结果,从中得出中国航空运输存在的三类市场,及低弹性需求等结论,对今后合理调整运价具有重要的参考价值。     

Relationship between daily variation of cosmogenic nuclide Be-7 concentration in atmosphere and solar activities

Daily Be-7 concentrations in air at the height of 15 m are continuously observed at 38°15.2′N, 140°20.9′E, between 2000 and 2001. The average concentration and the relative standard deviation were 4.0 mBq/m³ and 50% in 2000–2001, respectively. The Be-7 concentrations increased 2.5% with the decrease in the sunspot numbers by 6.7% for the term of two years. From the power spectral analysis, the periodicity of 26 days is shown for the daily Be-7 concentrations. The folding analysis indicates that the time variation of the Be-7 concentration is similar to that of the ground-based neutron counting rate, and the phase delay for the minimum portion of Be-7 concentration was roughly 8 days to the maximum sunspot number. These results indicate that the Be-7 concentrations in the air at ground level have 26 day periodicity as a component of time variations and the time variation is caused by the solar modulation of galactic cosmic rays, which corresponds to the variation of the sunspot number due to the rotation of the sun.     

死亡是生命的必然归宿

本文根据物质系统演化的规律，平衡原理及熵理论，阐述了死亡是生命系统演化的必然归宿。     

腐蚀对sic/Al(L2)和sic/Al-Ni复合丝力学性能的影响~①

本文对SiC/Al(L2)和SiC/A1-Ni复合丝在蒸馏水和在3.5％NaCl溶液中的耐腐蚀性能进行了研究。通过测试腐蚀前后复合丝的抗拉强度,利用气相色谱、发射光谱、X射线衍射等手段分析腐蚀气体和腐蚀产物,观察金相和扫描电镜下形貌的变化,发现SiC/A1复合丝在室温蒸馏水中36天、50℃和75℃蒸馏水中各15天浸泡后,其抗拉强度基本保持不变,说明该类复合材料对潮湿环境具有良好的耐腐蚀性能;SiC/A1-Ni复合丝在3.5％NaC1溶液中浸泡后,其抗拉强度随溶液温度升高和时闻延长而逐渐下降;其腐蚀主要是选择性腐蚀,其次是孔蚀和缝隙蚀。     

Rankine涡作用下激波变形和分叉的数值研究

数值模拟了激波和Rankine涡相互作用，重点研究了波涡相互作用引起的激波结构的变化过程。应用非结构化适应网格下的二阶精度Godunov型的PLM格式来求解Elder方程，对一平面激波与不同涡强Rankine涡相互作用下瞬态激波的运动、发展进行了研究。漩涡与激波间相对强度的大小对激波结构的影响明显，弱相互作用诱导激波变形，强相互作用诱导激波变形并产生分叉。计算结果表明，应用非结构化适应网格的PLM格式所得到的数值解较好地反映了瞬态激波结构的有关特征和信息。     

高强度铝合金中氢传输的研究

采用化学镀镍层作为铝合金LC4上防护层,应用电化学氢渗透技术研究了氢在LC4中的静态传输规律以及在不同热处理状态下,氢在LC4中的传输对其应力腐蚀敏感性的影响。实验结果表明:常温下氢在LC4中的静态传输是以扩散为控制步骤的过程。氢扩散系数为10~(-9)cm~2·s~(-1)数量级,为同条件下氢在纯铝中扩散系数的四分之一;LC4材料的DCB试样在常温下的3.5％NaCl溶液中的应力腐蚀断裂不遵循氢脆机理。