A Possible Transfer Mechanism for the 11-Year Solar Cycle to the Lower Stratosphere

Observational evidence of the 11-year solar cycle (SC) modulation of stratosphere temperatures and winds from the ERA-40 dataset is reviewed, with emphasis on the Northern winter hemisphere. A frequency modulation of sudden warming events is noted, with warmings occurring earlier in solar minimum periods than in solar maximum periods. The observed interaction between the influence of the SC and the quasi biennial oscillation (QBO) on the frequency of sudden warmings is noted as a possible clue for understanding their mechanism of influence. A possible transfer route for the 11-year solar cycle from the equatorial stratopause region to the lowest part of the stratosphere is proposed, via an influence on sudden warming events and the associated induced meridional circulation. SC and QBO composites of zonal wind anomalies show anomalous wind distributions in the subtropical upper stratosphere in early winter. Mechanistic model experiments are reviewed that demonstrate a sensitivity of sudden warmings to small wind anomalies in this region. Various diagnostics from these experiments are shown, including EP fluxes and their divergence and also the synoptic evolution of the polar vortex, in order to understand the mechanism of the influence. Some recent GCM experiments to investigate the SC/QBO interaction are also described. They simulate reasonably well the observed SC/QBO interaction of sudden warming events and appear to support the hypothesis that tropical/subtropical upper stratospheric wind anomalies are an important influence on the timing of sudden warmings.     

超燃冲压发动机性能的初步分析

超燃冲压发动机是发展高超声速技术的关键,以其为动力装置的高超声速巡航导弹、高超声速飞机和空天飞机对于国防安全、未来空间作战和航天运输都有重要意义.用热力循环的方法对超燃冲压发动机的性能作了初步的分析,建立了超燃冲压发动机准一维性能计算分析模型,并分析了一些影响参数对发动机效率的影响.准一维的性能计算方法可作为多层次高超声速动力推进系统性能计算模型的第一层次的计算模型,具有简单、快捷的特点.影响参数的分析可应用于高超声速飞行器概念设计阶段飞行器主要的设计参数和飞行参数的计算和确定.     

典型工况下低排放燃烧室的压力振荡特性

为了研究低排放燃烧室在典型工况下的压力振荡特性,针对模型燃烧室进行了燃烧自激振荡特性试验.在试验中测量了采用贫油预混预蒸发(LPP)燃烧技术的低排放燃烧室在典型工况下的压力振荡频率和幅值,在燃烧室进口压力为1.10～2.77MPa、燃烧室进口温度为656～845 K、燃烧室压降为3.41％～4.35％范围内,分析了燃油粒径变化对振荡特性的影响.分析结果表明:局部当量比脉动是引发燃烧不稳定的因素之一.通过计算燃油二次雾化状态下的液滴最大粒径,发现燃油液滴粒径的变化对主燃级出口处的局部当量比脉动有直接影响,从而引起燃烧室压力振荡幅值和频率的变化.     

蜂窝式轴心通风器油气分离性能计算

为对航空发动机蜂窝式轴心通风器油气分离效率进行研究,建立考虑油气双向耦合的流场计算方法及油滴/壁面相互作用模型,在验证通风阻力及油气分离效率可靠性的基础上,对不同转速、通风流量和环境温度下蜂窝式轴心通风器的油气分离效果进行计算和分析.结果表明:转速的增加会使油气分离效率得到提升,而通风流量和环境温度的增加则导致油气分离效率的降低.蜂窝孔结构的加入对通风阻力影响不大,却对通风器的滑油分离过程起主要作用,计算表明其对滑油分离贡献率在80%以上.      

二维翼型结冰数值计算

翼型结冰计算是随着结冰时间步长变化的准定常过程,因此在每个时间步长后都要更新各个模块的计算工作,如此反复直到达总结冰计算时间.在各模块计算中,分别采用了泊松方程法生成网格、求解雷诺时均方程计算流场、拉格朗日追踪法求解水滴轨迹、基于Messinger模型计算冰形、采用变距滤点法重构边界.引入动态链接库技术将各模块集成为结冰计算平台,并将三种冰形(楔形冰、槽状冰及混合冰)计算结果与国外软件及试验数据进行了对比.      

双路离心喷嘴雾化特性的PDPA实验研究

采用相位多普勒粒子分析仪（PDPA）对某型航空发动机双路离心喷嘴的雾化特性进行了实验研究。PDPA可直接测得测点处的喷雾液滴的尺寸分布和速度大小,并据此求出了测点处的索特尔平均直径SMD和液滴的平均速度。在喷雾锥三个横截面上进行了测量,得到了SMD的空间分布,据此得到了喷雾锥的锥角,并与光学照相和计算机图像处理测得喷雾锥角进行了对比。实验结果表明：液滴尺寸随着供油压力的增大而减小,当压力增大到一定程度时,液滴尺寸趋于不变;当主、副油路分别单独工作时,随测量横截面与喷口之间距离Z的增加,SMD减小;在供油压力不变时,同一个测量横截面内,随着径向距离X的增加SMD值变化不大;喷雾锥角基本不随供油压力改变而变化。     

剪切气流驱动液滴运动的受力分析

实验研究了剪切流驱动的液滴在固体表面上起始运动的受力机理。工作中使用一系列液体和固体表面来获得不同的液滴接触角,并在小型风洞中进行实验。实验中对液滴的启动气流速度进行了测量,并综合各种起始时刻的参数信息,建立了一个关于液滴接触线表面张力和剪切气流拖拽力平衡的数学模型,揭示了液滴脱落时刻的受力情况。所建立的模型更适合液滴1变形情况,但对于其它类似情况的剪切气流驱动液滴运动也能够进行合理的描述。     

风力机叶片翼型的结冰数值模拟研究

研究了风力机叶片翼型的结冰数值模拟方法,及翼型结冰后对其气动性能的影响。求解雷诺平均N-S方程,引入k-ωSST湍流模型封闭方程,获得风力机叶片流场;采用拉格朗日法计算风力机叶片翼型周围的水滴运动轨迹,同时考虑了多尺寸水滴分布的影响,获得翼型表面的局部水收集系数分布;根据质量守恒和能量守恒原理,计算翼型表面的各项热流,获得翼型表面的结冰速率和结冰冰形;考虑到翼型结冰是时间的动态函数,采用多时间步长法完成结冰数值模拟。计算了风力机叶片翼型在不同环境条件和气象条件下的结冰冰形,同时模拟了风力机翼型结冰后周围流场的变化,并与干净翼型的气动特性进行了对比。结果表明,环境温度较高时形成的明冰对翼型气动性能的影响较大,结冰导致翼型升力下降,升阻比减小,最大减小幅度达到61%,同时结冰后的翼型会提前进入失速区,导致桨叶气动性能恶化。     

Research into Configuration and Flow of Wall Oil Film in Bearing Chamber Based on Droplet Size Distribution

The lubrication design and heat transfer determination of bearing chambers in aeroengine require a sufficient understanding of the oil droplet-film interaction and physical characteristic in an oil/air two-phase flow state.The analyses of oil droplet movement,mass and momentum transfer during the impingement of droplet/wall,as well as wall oil film thickness and flow velocity are very important for the bearing chamber lubrication and heat transfer calculation.An integrated model in combination with droplet movement,droplet/wall impact and film flow analysis is put forward initially based on the consideration of droplet size distribution.The model makes a contribution to provide more practical and feasible technical approach,which is not only for the study of droplet-film interaction and physical behavior in bearing chambers with oil/air two-phase flow phenomena,but also useful for an insight into the essence of physical course through droplet movement and deposition,film formation and flow.The influences of chamber geometries and operating conditions on droplet deposition mass and momentum transfer,and wall film thickness and velocity distribution are discussed.The feasibility of the method by theoretical analysis is also verified by the existing experimental data.The current work is conducive to expose the physical behavior of wall oil film configuration and flow in bearing chamber,and also significant for bearing chamber lubrication and heat transfer study under oil/air two-phase flow conditions.     

镁基水冲压发动机燃烧室长度及进水距离设计方法

针对两次进水的镁基水冲压发动机,对发动机总体的燃烧室长度和一次、二次进水距离设计方法进行了研究.根据理论分析和试验测温结果,提出金属镁以熔融液滴形式进入燃烧室,镁滴燃烧为蒸气相扩散燃烧过程.采用简化的D3/2定律计算镁滴燃烧时间,并以镁滴燃烧和雾化水滴蒸发所需时间为依据,建立了燃烧室长度和一次、二次进水距离设计方法.参...