Solar and Heliospheric Modulation of Galactic Cosmic Rays

The significance of external influences on the environment of Earth and its atmosphere has become evident during recent years. Especially, on time scales of several hundred years, the cosmogenic isotope concentration during the Wolf-, Spoerer-, Maunder- and Dalton-Minimum indicates an increased cosmic ray flux. Because these grand minima of solar activity coincide with cold periods, a correlation of the Earth climate with the cosmic ray intensities is plausible. Any quantitative study of the effects of energetic particles on the atmosphere and environment of the Earth must address their transport to Earth and their interactions with the Earth’s atmosphere including their filtering by the terrestrial magnetosphere. The first problem is one of the fundamental problems in modern cosmic ray astrophysics, and corresponding studies began in the 1960s based on Parker’s cosmic ray modulation theory taking into account diffusion, convection, adiabatic deceleration, and (later) the drift of energetic particles in the global heliospheric magnetic field. It is well established that all of these processes determining the modulation of cosmic rays are depending on parameters that are varying with the solar magnetic cycle. Therefore, the galactic cosmic ray intensities close to Earth is the result of a complex modulation of the interstellar galactic spectrum within the heliosphere. The modern view of this cosmic ray modulation is summarized in our contribution.     

量子力学中的Heisenberg测不准原理的数学推导以及在小波分析中的应用

从傅里叶变换的定义出发,利用时变信号的短时傅里叶变换,推导出量子力学中的Heisenberg测不准原理,说明了两者之间存在这种联系的必然性,并给出了测不准原理在小波分析中的应用举例。     

MIS系统中复杂关系模式的设计及其PFC实现

软件开发已经从面向过程方式的编程逐步转化为面向对象方式,但关系模式的确定仍是MIS系统开发所面临的最关键的、具有普遍意义的问题之一。结合国航天津分公司航修基地管理信息系统开发过程中遇到的复杂模式设计问题,本文给出了在规范化理论指导下同类问题的分析方法,并且给出了PB环境下的PFC实现。     

New constitutive relation for eddy viscosity models

A new turbulent constitutive relation was directly derived from Boussinesq's hypothesis and mixing length theory, and then implemented in the standard k-ε model. The performance of this constitutive relation was validated in zero pressure gradient flat-plate boundary layer flow, fully-developed turbulent channel flow and separated flow in a plane asymmetric diffuser. The investigation demonstrated that, this new constitutive relation gave very accurate results in the former two basic cases and provided significant improvement in prediction of separated and reattachment points in the plane asymmetric diffuser. Separation and reattachment points at x/H=7.5 and 29 were calculated accurately in comparison to experimental results, and the static pressure coefficient of 0.82 was very close to large eddy simulation calculation. These results are very encouraging but further verification and extensive application of the new constitutive relation to other two-equation eddy viscosity model are needed.      

金属丝网橡胶的本构关系

通过对圆环形金属丝网橡胶成型制造过程的分析,在圆环嵌套模型基础上,结合干摩擦非线性理论和小曲梁模型建立了金属丝网橡胶材料的非线性本构关系,对不同相对密度的金属丝网橡胶试件进行了静态压缩实验,通过实验数据确定了本构关系方程的各项系数并实验结果进行比较.研究结果表明:建立的本构关系模型可以很好地描述金属丝网橡胶的非线性力学特性,实验结果能够较好地符合理论结果,并且该模型反映了相对密度、网格大小和网格宽度等参数的影响,从而实现了对材料结构刚度的预估.      

基于灰关系的制造过程稳定性评估

基于灰色系统理论,通过对制造过程中的两个数据序列进行灰关系分析,实现了制造系统的稳定性评估.根据获取制造过程某属性的两个数据序列,对数据序列进行排序,得到排序数据图.按照排序数据图的分布特征,建立两个数据系列之间的灰关系,通过计算分析灰置信水平的大小,实现对制造过程的稳定性评估.计算机仿真试验和实际案例表明:通过对两个数据序列的灰关系分析,若求得的灰置信水平不小于90%,则说明该制造系统是稳定的;否则是不稳定的.所提出的方法可以很好地检测制造系统的稳定性,准确率最高可以达到100%.      

管流转捩对比态定律的讨论：层,紊流并存流态转捩现象

转捩对管内流动和换热有很大影响,Ｎ．Ｔ．Ｏｂｏｔ曾在总结归纳圆管、矩形管、三角形管和环形管实验结果的基础上提出对比态定律,并断言：对任意截面管道,只要知道临界摩擦因子和临界雷诺数,根据对比态定律,就可以计算其流动和平均换热特性。本文通过对复杂截面通道流动的研究,指出管流转捩的对比态定律只适用于单一流态管流,而不适用于层、紊流并存管流,文中还分析了层、紊流并存现象及其产生的原因,它的起始点和终止点的判定,以及流动和换热特性计算的处理方法。     

飞机服役环境当量加速腐蚀折算方法研究

文中依据飞机服役机场地面环境谱与腐蚀损伤等当量原则,建立了环境加速腐蚀当量折算关系,给出了飞机结构主要高强度铝合金材料的当量折算系数α及HR-α、T-α曲线。依据建立的当量折算关系编制的加速环境谱,对飞机铝合金构件进行加速腐蚀试验研究,得到了温度(T)、相对湿度(RH)对环境当量折算系数的影响规律,为飞机结构防腐控制及日历寿命研究提供了工程技术依据。     

聚氨酯泡沫塑料拉伸本构关系及其失效机理的研究

 通过 3种密度硬质聚氨酯泡沫塑料的拉伸实验,研究了它们的应力 -应变特性及其应变率效应。同时,为确定泡沫塑料拉伸失效机理,对材料进行了扫描电镜下的细观拉伸实验,观察了试件表面胞体的变形与失效过程,再结合宏观拉伸试件断口的扫描电镜分析,进一步讨论了泡沫塑料在拉伸加载下的失效机理。基于泡沫塑料的拉伸应力-应变曲线,用数值方法拟合了泡沫塑料的拉伸本构关系。     

AutoCAD环境下图形参数化实现方法研究

在ＡｕｔｏＣＡＤ图形环境下,基于对图形理解的策略,通过数据库中图形实体数据的分析和图形之间约束关系的推理,判断其中图形实体和尺寸实体的关系,并参照机械制图的隐含约束关系,建立图形和尺寸之间的联系,最后基于约束联系,生成ＡｕｔｏＬＩＳＰ参数化绘图程序,避免了人工编程,由此实现了图形的参数化,提高了绘图效率和ＣＡＤ技术的应用水平。