离心铸造Al—20wt%Si合金自生表面复合材料的组织与性能

采用热模金属型离心铸造Al－20wt％Si合金，获得了外层聚集粗大初晶Si、中层为共晶组织、内层聚集细小初晶Si的自生三层表面复合材料。考察了复合材料的组织形貌，检测了复合材料的硬度和耐性，分析了复合材料的断裂模式。     

Topological defects and highest energy cosmic and gamma rays

In this paper we review the hypothesis that a substantial part of the cosmic ray flux observed above about 10¹⁹ eV may be produced by decaying or annihilating topological defects left over from phase transitions in the early universe at grand unification energy scales ( 10¹⁶ GeV). Possible signatures of cosmic ray producing defect models are discussed which could be tested experimentally in the near future. We thereby focus on model independent universal spectral properties of the predicted particle fluxes.     

流变铸造法制备Al_2O_（3P）／ZA4－3复合材料的研究

为提高模用锌合金ＺＡ４－３的性能，扩大其应用范围，本项工作采用流变铸造法成功地制备了性能稳定的Ａｌ２Ｏ３Ｐ／ＺＡ４－３复合材料。对该材料进行了弯曲强度、冲击韧性、压缩强度、硬度及耐磨性等性能试验，结果表明：Ａｌ２Ｏ３ｐ的加入，使锌合金的压缩强度、室温和高温硬度以及耐磨性明显提高，其弯曲强度略有降低，而其冲击韧性下降了　。最后还讨论了成形工艺参数、颗粒含量和颗粒直径对该复合材料性能的影响。     

热处理对砂型铸造Mg-Gd-Y合金微观组织和力学性能的影响

通过金相观察(OM)、扫描电镜(SEM)以及拉伸测试系统地表征和研究了热处理对砂型铸造Mg-Gd-Y合金微观组织和力学性能的影响。研究表明:固溶态GW94、GW74、GW44合金主要由α-Mg过饱和固溶体、铸态残留相Mg5(Gd,Y)以及固溶过程形成的方块相组成。随着Gd含量的增加,固溶态Mg-Gd-Y合金中方块相的体积分数不断增加;在同一时效温度下,合金达到时效峰值的时效时间缩短;室温下拉伸的固溶态、时效峰值态合金以及200和250℃下拉伸的时效峰值态合金的抗拉强度和屈服强度不断提高(固溶态合金屈服强度先降低后升高),但是伸长率却是不断降低。时效峰值态GW94合金表现出优越的力学性能,室温时其抗拉强度和屈服强度分别为300、247 MPa,而伸长率仅为0.9%;200和250℃拉伸时,时效峰值态GW94合金抗拉强度、屈服强度和伸长率分别为329、234 MPa和2.6%以及312、233 MPa和2.7%。时效峰值态GW94、GW74合金出现抗拉强度随温度升高而升高的反常力学行为。     

基于断口分析的钛合金轮内部缺陷损伤容限

为进行某轮损伤容限设计,开展了裂纹扩展断口分析和仿真分析研究。由断口分析可知:疲劳源为一处内部自然缺陷;依据疲劳辉纹确定了裂纹扩展速率;在裂纹长度为2 mm附近,裂纹扩展速率明显增大,为第一、第二加载阶段转换区域;裂纹稳定扩展区裂纹长度与裂纹扩展速率呈双对数线性关系;应用列表梯度法和Paris公式法反推了第二加载阶段的疲劳寿命,与该阶段实际循环次数的最大误差是163%。裂纹稳定扩展阶段裂纹扩展仿真值与断口反推值吻合;非稳定扩展阶段仿真值与断口反推值的最大误差为-215%;基于以上研究,合理确定了某离心轮内部裂纹表面扩展停机检测周期。该类轮非稳定、失稳扩展阶段寿命占内部裂纹表面扩展阶段寿命的比例达248%~357%,因此准确计算具有重要意义。     

Corrosion mechanism investigation of TiN/Ti coating and TC4 alloy for aircraft compressor application

It is imperative to develop multifunctional erosion and corrosion resistant coatings for compressor blades of aircraft engines in harsh environment. PVD (Physical Vapor Deposition) technology has the advances in processing erosion-resistant coatings; however, the performance of PVD coatings to combat corrosion depends on various coating defects. Determining and comparing the corrosion performances of PVD TiN/Ti coating and uncoated TC4 alloy was the main objective of present work. The 960 h salt spray corrosion and 116 h hot corrosion tests were conducted to simulate the grounding and working environments of the aircraft compressors. The corrosion mechanisms due to the coating defects such as pinhole, columnar boundary and large grain were analyzed based on the OM, Confocal microscope, electrochemical measurements, SEM, XRD and EDS results. Owing to the disordered state associated with the columnar boundary and the coating defect, nitrogen could be easily replaced by oxygen in the hot corrosion process, these structures were channels for fast diffusion of oxygen. Moreover, the Gibbs energy changes of Ti oxidation and TiN oxidation were thermodynamically calculated according to the working condition of aircraft compressors, and considerable research effort was focused on mapping out the phase diagram of Ti, TiN and high pressure gases. The findings of this research can provide insights into developing multifunctional coatings for future aircraft engines.     

考虑外圈局部缺陷的滚动轴承非线性动力特性

 建立了考虑滚动轴承外圈局部缺陷、非线性轴承力和径向游隙等非线性因素的滚动轴承系统动力学微分方程,并用Runge-Kutta-Felhberg算法对其求解。利用分岔图、Poincaré映射图、频谱图以及均方值、峰值因子、峭度等时域参数,分析了滚动轴承的响应、分岔和混沌等非线性动力特性。结果表明：考虑外圈局部缺陷的滚动轴承系统存在多种周期、拟周期和混沌响应;滚动轴承系统进入混沌的主要途径是倍周期分叉;峰值因子比率在中、低速,峭度比率在低速时可以很好地识别外圈局部缺陷。均方值比率除了在与轴承动力特性有关的个别转速外,可以在较大的转速范围识别外圈局部缺陷。     

铝锂合金的铸锭冶金（Ⅱ）

介绍了俄罗斯铝锂合金铸锭熔炼和铸造方法的发展和改进，评述了铝锂合金熔铸特点，熔体氧化，防护添加剂，熔剂和氩气防护，氧、碳、氮和氢等非金属夹杂，铸造裂纹（冷裂和热裂）敏感性，结晶状态，不均匀组织等方面的研究结果。     

原位生长铝基复合材料的工艺研究

以金属氧化物粉末和铝进行置换反应原理为基础,对挤压铸造法,超声振动反应法制备原位生长的铝基复合材料的工艺进行了探索。光学金相观察和Ｘ射线衍射分析表明：挤压铸造过程中,金属氧化物与铝几乎未发生反应,挤压扣的复合材料经进一步热处理后,反应进行完全,得到Ａｌ２Ｏ３／Ａｌ复合材料;热处理后,复合材料的显微硬度值有明显的改变;     

钛合金精密铸造技术

本文就钛合金精密铸造中所用的耐火材料及粘结剂做了简要叙述,例举了一些典型的精铸工艺,并介绍了国内外钛合金熔模精铸的最新成果。