Implementation of tactical maneuvers with maneuver libraries

This study creates and combines the general maneuver libraries for fixed-wing aircraft to implement tactical maneuvers. First, the generalized maneuver libraries are established by analyzing the characteristics of tactical maneuvers required in battlefields. The 7th order polynomial is applied to both the creation of the maneuver libraries and the generation of the trajectories or flight paths for modal inputs. To track the desired trajectory, we design the Attitude Command Attitude Hold (ACAH) system and the Rate Command Rate Hold (RCRH) system using Model Following Controller (MFC). Moreover, the Line-of-Sight (LOS) guidance law is designed. In particular, the CONDUIT® is employed to optimize the gains so that the control systems meet the aircraft Handling Qualities (HQ) criteria. Finally, flight simulations are performed for the longitudinal loop, immelmann-turn, and climb-slalom-descent maneuvers to verify that tactical aggressive maneuvers are realizable via the combination of maneuver libraries. This study can contribute to the development of flight techniques for aircraft tactical maneuvers and to the revision of air force operational manuals.     

Aiming at a 1-cm Orbit for Low Earth Orbiters: Reduced-Dynamic and Kinematic Precise Orbit Determination

The computation of high-accuracy orbits is a prerequisite for the success of Low Earth Orbiter (LEO) missions such as CHAMP, GRACE and GOCE. The mission objectives of these satellites cannot be reached without computing orbits with an accuracy at the few cm level. Such a level of accuracy might be achieved with the techniques of reduced-dynamic and kinematic precise orbit determination (POD) assuming continuous Satellite-to-Satellite Tracking (SST) by the Global Positioning System (GPS). Both techniques have reached a high level of maturity and have been successfully applied to missions in the past, for example to TOPEX/POSEIDON (T/P), leading to (sub-)decimeter orbit accuracy. New LEO gravity missions are (to be) equipped with advanced GPS receivers promising to provide very high quality SST observations thereby opening the possibility for computing cm-level accuracy orbits. The computation of orbits at this accuracy level does not only require high-quality GPS receivers, but also advanced and demanding observation preprocessing and correction algorithms. Moreover, sophisticated parameter estimation schemes need to be adapted and extended to allow the computation of such orbits. Finally, reliable methods need to be employed for assessing the orbit quality and providing feedback to the different processing steps in the orbit computation process. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

测定钡含量的快速方法

本文研究了测定钡盐中钡含量的快速方法。该法是基于被测的钡离子与过量的铬酸钠标准溶液反应形成铬酸钡沉淀，剩余的铬酸根离子以溴甲酚绿-甲基红为混合指示剂，用盐酸标准溶液滴定，而间接测定钡的量。该法操作简便、快速，可应用于多种钡盐中钡的测定。     

捷联惯导系统的圆锥误差补偿算法研究

非互易向量的确定与补偿是影响高动态、恶劣振动环境下捷联惯性导航系统姿态矩阵计算的重要问题。为了补偿由此引起的圆锥误差，本文对一些传统算法进行了分析和研究。由于以往各种算法一般都需要输入信息为角度信息，但对于高动态、恶劣振动环境，角速度信息更有工程意义，所以针对输入信息为角速度的情形，提出了一类新的姿态算法，通过对比传统的算法，新算法在同样计算量、存储量的情况下有较优的性能，算法的精度较传统的算法高。另外，对新的姿态算法进行了误差分析．为其参数选择提供了选择标准，有工程实用价值。     

星光折射航天器自主定轨方案比较

当星光透射大气发生折射时 ,用星光折射角精确地反映星光在大气中离地球表面的高度 ,并建立高度、航天器与地球的几何关系。通过对折射角进行观测 ,间接测得地平 ,从而改善了用地平仪直接测地平所造成的航天器自主导航精度低的不足。本文提出了几种利用星光折射的航天器自主定轨方案 ,并作了细致的仿真实验 ,对直接和间接两种测量地平方法以及几种星光折射自主定轨方案进行了分析比较。     

FY-2气象卫星在轨管理工程测控关键技术(上)

介绍了风云二号(FY—2)地球静止轨道自旋气象卫星工程测控的关键技术。分析了位置保持、姿态确定、星蚀和日凌的原理，给出了位置保持、姿态控制策略和地影、月影、日凌预报算法。并提出了一种检验定姿结果正确性的方法，提供了相应的工程计算参数。这些策略都已成功地用于FY—2卫星的在轨管理工程测控。     

GPS/速率陀螺组合Kalman滤波姿态确定算法研究

建立了GPS／速率陀螺组合姿态估计系统的模型，研究比较了三种典型的Kalman滤波姿态确定算法：状态扩充法、量测量求差法和时变噪声估计跟踪自适应滤波算法。给出了某航天器采用GPS／速率陀螺组合姿态确定的仿真计算结果，并对结果进行了分析。结果表明，与传统Kalman滤波算法比较，时变噪声跟踪自适应滤波算法和量测量求差滤波算法能较好地消除GPS测量中相关时变噪声的影响，提高姿态确定的精度；而且时变噪声跟踪自适应滤波算法能很好地消除由于噪声统计性能的不确定性对Kalman滤波的影响，提高姿态确定系统的性能。     

导弹姿态控制伺服系统的变结构控制

为消除导弹姿态控制伺服系统变结构控制中的抖振，在状态轨迹与滑动平面夹角变结构控制律的基础上，将原来的二阶系统扩展为n阶。所设计的控制律兼具连续控制律与非连续控制律的优点，动态品质优良。仿真结果验证了理论分析的有效性。     

固体火箭发动机推力线横移和偏斜模拟计算

分析了固体火箭发动机推力线横移和偏斜的影响因素，介绍了由静态影响因素引起的偏差计算方法，得到的模拟计算结果与实测结果相近。这种计算方法将有助于改进导弹的姿态控制精度。     

人造地球卫星初轨计算的单位矢量法

本文在建立两组单位矢量系统Ｒ＊，Ｓ＊，φ＊和ρ＊，Ａ＊，ｈ＊的基础上，给出了初轨计算的新的条件方程形式以及对不等精度、不同类型的观测资料的加权处理方法，这对充分发挥高精度测距资料ρ和测速资料ρ·的作用十分有利。实测计算表明，本方法基本解决了初轨计算中轨道半长轴不易定准的困难，并具有定轨精度高、适用范围广、稳定性能好等优点，对静止卫星转移轨道入轨段超短弧段测量资料的初轨计算，作用尤为明显。