复合材料层板中就位横向拉伸强度的研究

本文利用弹性力学和断裂力学方法对纤维增强复合材料的横向拉伸强度进行了分析，其中考虑了９０度开裂层厚度和开裂邻层的约束效应的影响，推导出正交各向异性对称铺层中昨合就位横向拉伸强度的数学表达式，得出开裂层的厚度和约束邻层铺设角对就位横向拉伸强度都有影响的结论，理论计算与Ｆｌａｇｇｓ实验结果吻合较好。     

A constitutive model coupling damage and material anisotropy for wide stress triaxiality

A constitutive model that can describe the damage evolution of anisotropic metal sheets during the complex forming processes which experience wide stress triaxiality history is essential to accurately predict the deformation and rupture behaviors of the processes. In this study, a modified Lemaitre damage criterion which couples with the anisotropic Barlat 89 yield function is established. The effects of stress triaxiality, Lode parameter and shear stress on damage accumulation are considered in the constitutive model. The model is numerically implemented and applied to fracture prediction in tensile tests with different stress triaxialities and a complex deformation process with wide stress triaxiality history. The good consistency of predictions and experiments indicates that the modified Lemaitre damage model has excellent fracture prediction ability. Finally, the accuracy of the model is analyzed and discussed.     

DD3单晶高温合金拉伸蠕变各向异性

研究了镍基单晶高温合金ＤＤ３（００１）,（０１１）,（１１１）取向光滑圆拉伸试样在７６０℃,８５０℃,９５０℃典型应力条件下的拉伸蠕变特征。试验发现,在较高蠕变应力水平时,ＤＤ３ 单晶合金具有明显且复杂的拉伸蠕变各向异性,且蠕变变形率及其对应力增加的敏感性的强弱顺序会随温度变化而发生变化。这归因于该合金的成分特征、蠕变应力、晶体取向决定的蠕变主滑移系类型（八面体、立方及二者混合）及位错移动动力学特点的不同     

定向凝固涡轮叶片的晶体热粘塑性变形与损伤分析

采用一种考虑损伤的单晶体热—粘塑性变形本构模型和迭代求解数值方法,可以描述单晶在变温过程中的应力应变关系,还可以描述单晶在晶体滑移机制控制下的蠕变变形和孔洞型损伤;考虑定向凝固高温涡轮叶片的柱晶结构,应用本文模型和算法对包含若干个柱晶晶粒的定向凝固气冷涡轮叶片进行不均匀温度场下的变温热粘塑性蠕变和损伤分析。分析结果表明:该涡轮叶片在本文考虑条件下处于较低的应力水平,500小时叶尖蠕变伸长低于0.006mm。      

2524铝合金薄板平面各向异性研究

采用室温拉伸性能测试、金相组织观察、XRD反极图测定和透射电子显微分析等方法研究了冷轧态和T3态2mm厚2524铝合金薄板不同取向条件下的显微组织和拉伸力学性能.以{110}<112>单组分织构模型为基础,研究了织构与平面各向异性的关系.结果表明,2524冷轧态和T3态铝合金薄板在与轧制方向成45°和60°方向上的强度较0°、30°和90°方向上的强度低,延伸率则是45°方向上最高;轧向力学性能优于横向力学性能;冷轧态合金薄板的平面各向异性高于T3态合金板材;2524冷轧态合金薄板的主要织构为{110}<112>,次要织构为{311}<112>;2524-T3态铝合金成品薄板的主要织构为{110}<001>;2524铝合金薄板的平面各向异性与合金的晶粒结构以及晶体学织构密切有关,其中晶体学织构是造成合金板材平面各向异性的主要原因.     

一种第四代单晶高温合金不同温度的拉伸性能各向异性

采用籽晶法在定向凝固炉中制备了一种[001],[011]和[111]取向的第四代单晶高温合金,分别在 23 ℃,800 ℃和 980 ℃研究了合金不同取向的拉伸性能,利用光学显微镜、扫描电镜研究不同取向、不同温度的合金组织、断口形貌和断裂组织。结果表明:不同取向合金在垂直于晶体生长方向的截面上具有明显不同的铸态枝晶和热处理组织形貌。不同温度合金的屈服强度和抗拉强度按[111]、[001]、[011]取向的顺序降低。合金的伸长率与断面收缩率在 23℃和 980 ℃时[011]取向最大,而 800 ℃时[111]取向最大。23 ℃和 800 ℃不同取向合金拉伸为类解理断裂,980 ℃[001]、[111]合金拉伸为韧窝断裂,而[011]取向合金拉伸为类解理和韧窝混合断裂。拉伸断裂后,23 ℃和 800 ℃时不同取向合金的γ′相仍为立方体形状,980 ℃时[001]取向合金γ′相沿应力方向变长,[111]取向合金的γ′相变成平行四边形,而[011]取向合金的γ′相被单一密集滑移带剪切。     

航空高强度碳纤维单向层合结构复合材料在切削过程中的各向异性行为研究

单向层合结构的高强度碳纤维增强树脂基复合材料已逐渐发展成为航空承力结构件的主要材料,相关的切削加工需求也越来越多。由于显著的各向异性,单向层合结构的碳纤维复合材料易在切削加工中形成缺陷,难切削加工性明显。采用直角自由切削试验的方法,得到了T700航空高强度碳纤维单向层合结构复合材料在不同纤维方向角下的切削力、切削比能、切削温度、切削加工表面。基于试验结果讨论了碳纤维单向层合材料在切削过程中力热行为的各向异性,得到了不同切削参数条件下的切削比能图谱以及碳纤维复合材料的切削热源和传导模型。通过扫描电子显微镜(Scanning electron microscope,SEM)分析了典型切削加工表面的特征,得到了不同纤维方向下的表面形成规律。     

A user-friendly yield criterion for metals exhibiting tension-compression asymmetry

The aim of this paper is to model the yielding asymmetry of pressure-insensitive metals, including but not limited to Ni₃Al alloys. The main focuses are put on the flexibility and manipulative convenience. The parameters of theory are kept to a minimum and can be determined by as few tests as possible. These requirements are fulfilled by constructing a yield function using the second and third-invariants of a linearly transformed stress tensor. The proposed yield criterion has a simple mathematical form and has only seven parameters when used in three-dimensional stresses. Compared with existing theories, the new yield criterion has much fewer parameters, which makes it very convenient for practical applications. The coefficients of the criterion are identified by an error minimization procedure. Applications to a Ni₃Al based intermetallic alloy as well as a Cu-Al-Be shape memory alloy and comparison to other criteria show that the proposed criterion has nearly the same predictive ability and flexibility with other criteria. The proposed yield criterion can estimate the coefficients by using less data, which is a big advantage compared with other similar theories, especially when there is a limited number of experimental data.     

金属橡胶材料静态特性的研究

金属橡胶材料是一种新型阻尼材料,且影响其特性的参数有很多。本文从其本构关系出发,通过改变不同的影响参数,针对不同形状、不同几何尺寸的构件,进行了理论分析和试验研究,总结出了影响其特性的参数及其变化规律,为进一步地设计和更好地应用金属橡胶构件提供有意义的依据。      

Improved interpretation of solar wind ion measurements via high-resolution magnetic field data

The Wind   spacecraft’s Faraday cups (FC) continue to produce high-quality, in situ observations of thermal protons (i.e., ionized hydrogen) and α$\alpha$-particles (i.e., fully ionized helium) in the solar wind. By fitting a Wind/FC ion spectrum with a model velocity distribution function (VDF) for each particle species, values for density, bulk velocity, and temperature can be inferred. Incorporating measurements of the background magnetic field from the Wind Magnetic Field Investigation (MFI) allows perpendicular and parallel temperature components to be separated. Prior implementations of this analysis averaged the higher-cadence Wind/MFI measurements to match that of the Wind/FC ion spectra. However, this article summarizes recent and extensive revisions to the analysis software that, among other things, eliminate such averaging and thereby account for variations in the direction of the magnetic field over the time taken to measure the ions. A statistical comparison reveals that the old version consistently underestimates the temperature anisotropy of ion VDF’s: averaging over fluctuations in the magnetic field essentially blurs the perpendicular and parallel temperature components, which makes the plasma seem artificially more isotropic. The new version not only provides a more accurate dataset of ion parameters (which is well suited to the study of microkinetic phenomena), it also demonstrates a novel technique for jointly processing particle and field data. Such methods are crucial to heliophysics as wave-particle interactions are increasingly seen as playing an important role in the dynamics of the solar wind and similar space plasmas.