如何在应用软件中实现财务数学公式自定义

本文实现了在开发具有数据校验功能的软件时，一种全新的数据校验方法，将传统的写在程序中的校验公式或利用手工进行检验数据的方式完全抛弃。该种方法具有配置灵活、维护简单和功能强大的特点，利用界面元素命名方法，内置校验公式到各个界面元素中，而公式是可以灵活维护的，一般是将公式存贮在数据库表中，在软件需校验数据时，从数据库表中读取公式，根据公式中涉及到的各种界面数据项进行自动的数据校验并得出校验结果。这对需大量数据校验和校验算法经常改变的软件是非常有用的。     

论我国公共财政条件下的财政投资支出

市场经济体制下的财政应该是公共财政。在公共财政条件下，财政投资支出的必要性在于存在“市场失灵”，因此，财政投资支出的范围和领域就是市场不能有效发挥作用的领域。其中与财政投资支出直接相关的市场失灵领域有：公共产品领域、具有外溢性特征的产品领域、市场不完全的领域。由于我国的市场经济体制还很不完善，因此，我国公共财政条件下财政投资支出的理论依据还在于，财政投资支出要为经济的持续稳定增长和地区经济的协调发展作贡献。我国财政投资支出的领域包括基础设施领域、高新技术领域及部分支柱产业领域。随着社会主义市场经济体制的逐步完善以及公共财政制度的确立与完善，我国财政投资支出的领域会逐步缩小。     

中国香港特区与新加坡新公共支出管理的特点及其启示

随着中国城市经济的迅速发展与城市财力的壮大,加强城市公共支出管理成为一个重要课题。作为典型的发达城市经济体,中国香港、新加坡在公共支出管理方面有其成功的经验。与它们相比,我国内地城市应在以下方面加以改进:按照弥补市场失效原则确定和调整财政支出范围;按照落实科学发展观和构建和谐社会的要求,大力调整财政支出结构;改进和完善城市财政支出管理模式;加强财政支出管理的法制化建设,等等。     

推动廊坊市基本公共服务均等化进程的对策研究

基本公共服务均等化是当前社会经济生活中的热点,本文结合廊坊市对基本公共服务均等化建设的实际,分析了目前廊坊市在推进基本公共服务均等化工作中存在的问题,并有针对性地提出了进一步完善的建议。     

财务契约与和谐财务

对于财务学而言，财务契约与和谐财务都是重要概念，需要深入研究。从本质上看财务契约与和谐财务既有联系，又有不同，需要我们在更高层次上将二者融合。     

Integration of lessons from recent research for “Earth to Mars” life support systems

Development of reliable and robust strategies for long-term life support for planetary exploration must be built from real-time experimentation to verify and improve system components. Also critical is incorporating a range of viable options to handle potential short-term life system imbalances. This paper revisits some of the conceptual framework for a Mars base prototype which has been developed by the authors along with others previously advanced (“Mars on Earth^®”) in the light of three years of experimentation in the Laboratory Biosphere, further investigation of system alternatives and the advent of other innovative engineering and agri-ecosystem approaches. Several experiments with candidate space agriculture crops have demonstrated the higher productivity possible with elevated light levels and improved environmental controls. For example, crops of sweet potatoes exceeded original Mars base prototype projections by an average of 46% (53% for best crop) ultradwarf (Apogee) wheat by 9% (23% for best crop), pinto bean by 13% (31% for best crop). These production levels, although they may be increased with further optimization of lighting regimes, environmental parameters, crop density etc. offer evidence that a soil-based system can be as productive as the hydroponic systems which have dominated space life support scenarios and research. But soil also offers distinct advantages: the capability to be created on the Moon or Mars using in situ space resources, reduces long-term reliance on consumables and imported resources, and more readily recycling and incorporating crew and crop waste products. In addition, a living soil contains a complex microbial ecosystem which helps prevent the buildup of trace gases or compounds, and thus assist with air and water purification. The atmospheric dynamics of these crops were studied in the Laboratory Biosphere adding to the database necessary for managing the mixed stands of crops essential for supplying a nutritionally adequate diet in space. This paper explores some of the challenges of small bioregenerative life support: air-sealing and facility architecture/design, balance of short-term variations of carbon dioxide and oxygen through staggered plantings, options for additional atmospheric buffers and sinks, lighting/energy efficiency engineering, crop and waste product recycling approaches, and human factor considerations in the design and operation of a Mars base. An “Earth to Mars” project, forging the ability to live sustainably in space (as on Earth) requires continued research and testing of these components and integrated subsystems; and developing a step-by-step learning process.     

发展农业现代化若干问题的思考

没有农业的现代化就没有中国农业生产现代化，通过分析我国农业现代化的基本现状和存在的问题，提出了只有提高农业劳动生产率，开拓现代农业新领域，调整产业结构，发挥比较优势，坚持科教兴农，走集约化农业发展道路，我国农业的现代化和社会主义新农村建设才能取得更大的成效。     

基于农业现代化的农业保险服务体系建设

“十八大”报告提出未来我国农业发展要走新型农业现代化之路。农业现代化将带来农业生产方式的根本转变,即传统农业向现代农业转变。以规模化、机械化、专业化和产业化为特征的现代农业将催生包括全面风险保障、金融、技术与信息服务在内的多样化的农业保险需求。而现行的农业保险不能有效满足新的保险需求,这就要求农业保险创新服务内容和服务方式,即未来农业保险要向农业综合服务转变,为促成这一转变,需要针对现行农业保险服务体系存在的问题从六个方面来完善农业保险服务体系建设。     

推进经济持续发展 努力缩小贫富差距

本文从经济发展的角度提出农业产业化是促进农村阶层有序合理分化的基础;大力发展多种所有制经济,优化产业结构,开拓就业渠道;加快城市化步伐,缩小农民阶级的规模;加强和改善宏观调控,规范分配和消费市场,建立和完善公正的利益分配机制等社会分层合理化的对策,促进我国的社会分层结构和机制更加健康、合理。     

Sodium and potassium uptake of Ulva – Application of marine macro-algae for space agriculture

The treatment of sodium, Na, and potassium, K, presents a challenge in space agriculture material recycling, as humans require Na and plants cannot grow at high Na concentrations. Hence, we are proposing the use of marine macro-algae to harvest K and other minerals from composted human waste. Ulva was selected for this feasibility study, since it tolerates a wide range of salinity levels. Growth capability of Ulva was examined under various total salinity levels and proportions of Na and K in the incubation medium. A homeostatic feature of Ulva was found in its intra-cellular concentration of Na and K, and in the intra-cellular ratio between Na and K (at 0.58 ± 0.30, lower than that of human metabolic waste). Intracellular concentration of K in Ulva is 20 times higher than seawater. Because of these characteristics, Ulva is a good candidate species for space agriculture.