Kilohertz quasi-periodic oscillations in SAX J1808.4–3658

I present a short overview of the behavior and properties of the two simultaneous kilohertz quasi-periodic oscillations (kHz QPOs) seen in the accreting millisecond X-ray pulsar SAX J1808.4–3658. I will focus on the behavior of the upper frequency QPO as a function of time and count rate as seen during the 2002 outburst of this source. I will also discuss briefly the correlated behavior of this QPO with QPOs at lower frequencies (several tens of hertz).     

Broad-band spectral properties of accreting X-ray binary pulsars

Broad-band spectra of accreting X-ray binary pulsars can be fitted by a phenomenological model composed of a power law with a high energy rollover above 10 keV, plus a blackbody component with a temperature of few hundred eV. While, at least qualitatively, the hard tail can be explained in terms of (inverse) Compton scattering, the origin of the soft component cannot find a unique explanation. Recently, a qualitative picture able to explain the overall broad-band spectrum of luminous X-ray pulsars was carried out by taking into account the effect of bulk Comptonization in the accretion column. After a review of these recent theoretical developments, I will present a case study of how different modeling of the continuum affect broad features, in particular the cyclotron resonance features in Vela X-1.     

Appearance of neutron stars in the state of subsonic propeller

The state of subsonic propeller is intermediate between the states of supersonic propeller and accretor in the evolutionary tracks of magnetized compact stars. The rotational rate of a star at this stage decelerates due to the interaction between its magnetosphere and the surrounding hot, quasi-static plasma envelope. The magnetospheric radius is smaller than the corotation radius and the boundary of the magnetosphere is stable with respect to interchange instabilities. The rate of the mass flux from the inner radius of the envelope to the stellar surface is limited by the rate of plasma diffusion into the magnetic field of the star. As a result, the subsonic propeller would appear as a low-luminosity accretion-powered pulsar with a soft X-ray spectrum.     

新型高推比涡轮风扇发动机盘时耦合振动分析

本文将群论算法和动态子结构技术结合起来，并采用计算效率极高的Ｂｅｎｆｉｅｌｄ－Ｈｒｕｄａ的模态代入变换法，分析了某型发动机压气机的叶片／轮盘耦合系统的振动特性，计算了该叶片／轮盘耦合系统的前５阶振动频率和振型．根据叶片／轮盘耦合系统的共振条件进行共振分析，确定该发动机压气机有可能发生叶片／轮盘耦合共振．     

同向旋转盘间换热特性的实验研究

本文将实际发动机高、低压涡轮盘简化成几何形状相对简单的中心轴向进气、径向出气、两盘以不同速度同向旋转的旋转盘系统。用实验方法研究了冷气流量、转速以及两盘间隙对旋转盘间换热的影响规律,并对结果进行了相应的分析。     

Spectra and time variability of black-hole binaries in the low/hard state

We propose a jet model for the low/hard state of galactic black-hole X-ray sources which explains the energy spectra from radio to X-rays and a number of timing properties in the X-ray domain such as the time lag spectra, the hardening of the power density spectra and the narrowing of the autocorrelation function with increasing photon energy. The model assumes that (i) there is a magnetic field along the axis of the jet, (ii) the electron density in the jet drops inversely proportional to distance, (iii) the jet is “hotter” near its center than at its periphery, and (iv) the electrons in the jet follow a power-law distribution function. We have performed Monte Carlo simulations of Compton upscattering of soft photons from the accretion disk and have found power-law high-energy spectra with photon-number index in the range 1.5–2 and cutoff at a few hundred keV, power-law time lags versus Fourier frequency with index 0.8, and an increase of the rms amplitude of variability and a narrowing of the autocorrelation function with increasing photon energy as they have been observed in Cygnus X-1. The spectrum at long wavelengths (radio, infrared, optical) is modeled to come from synchrotron radiation of the energetic electrons in the jet. We find flat to inverted radio spectra that extend from the radio up to about the optical band. For magnetic field strengths of the order 10⁵–10⁶ G at the base of the jet, the calculated spectra agree well in slope and flux with the observations.     

民用飞机临界冰型确定策略浅析

分析了适航规章第25部121修正案中关于民机临界冰型的修订内容,提出大型客机结冰适航验证所用临界冰型的确定策略。针对飞机不同飞行阶段分析飞机结冰特征,对飞机不同部件开展结冰参数临界性分析,确定临界结冰条件,结合结冰数值预测和冰风洞试验手段提出相应的临界冰型确定方法;同时提出适航验证所需失效冰型、延迟冰型等特殊冰型的确定方法。根据性能、操稳和动力专业对于结冰临界性的不同要求,对比评估各种冰型对飞机影响的严重程度,最终确定飞机用于适航验证的临界冰型。本文可为大型客机的结冰适航验证工作提供参考。     

动力对全机水滴收集率的影响计算

针对飞机在飞行中遭遇过冷水滴撞击并结冰现象,建立了适合于发动机带动力情况下结冰过程水滴收集率计算的三维数值方法和计算程序.其基本思路为:采用多块技术与SIMPLE方法计算空气流场,以流场分布的计算结果为基础,求解水滴相的控制方程,进而获得物体表面的水滴收集率.空气相控制方程和水滴相控制方程均写成典型输运方程的形式,采用一致的有限体积法离散求解,方便了计算程序的编制.对某型运输机巡航构型有/无动力条件的水滴收集率进行了比较计算,获得了不同直径水滴在飞机表面的撞击特征以及水滴收集率在飞机机翼、平尾、垂尾和发动机进气道唇口上的分布规律.研究表明:(1)发动机是否带动力对机翼、平尾、垂尾的水滴收集率基本无影响;(2)飞机带动力主要影响发动机进气道唇口处的水滴收集率,带动力后唇口的收集率比无动力情况高,水滴撞击范围增大,在进行防除冰研究和设计时需引起重视.     

旋转整流罩积冰过程中水膜流动和脱离的数值研究

为了更准确地模拟旋转整流罩积冰过程,在现有三维积冰与冰层表面薄水膜流动耦合模型基础上,基于功平衡分析的方法引入了旋转部件表面水膜脱离模型,并发展了相应的计算方法,给出了水膜脱离的判定依据:当气流曳力做的功和由于离心力使水膜增加的潜能之和大于黏附功时整流罩表面的水膜会发生脱离。对旋转整流罩积冰进行数值模拟,计算结果与实验结果吻合得较好,验证了该模型的合理性和计算方法的可行性。之后分析了转速和来流速度对整流罩表面水膜脱离和积冰的影响,结果表明:转速和来流速度越大,水膜发生脱离的比例越大。在研究范围内,转速为3000r/min和6000r/min时,因水膜脱离导致积冰总量分别减少13.4%和15.8%;来流速度为40、50m/s和60m/s时,因水膜脱离导致积冰总量分别减少为12.2%、13.4%、14.2%。      

风洞侧壁干扰对机翼表面霜冰的影响

采用数值模拟的方法研究了不同阻塞度下侧壁干扰对NACA0012翼型表面霜冰生长的影响。通过对流场和水滴撞击特性的研究发现:侧壁干扰会压缩来流空气,致使更多水滴跟随气流向机翼前缘汇集,增大了翼面水滴收集系数,且翼面水滴总收集量与阻塞度成正比、与液滴雷诺数成反比;同时会改变水滴的撞击方向,使水滴撞击极限和最大水收集系数的位置发生偏移。采用多步法对结冰特性的研究发现:在基准计算工况下,当阻塞度为20%时,侧壁干扰效应带来结冰量的相对附加增量约为16%;在同一阻塞度下,各时间步长内的结冰相对附加增量基本相等。提出了一种表征侧壁干扰对水滴收集影响强弱的因子,该影响因子与水滴收集相对附加增量具有较高的线性关系。