Conditional sea surface statistics and their impact on geophysical sea surface parameters retrieved from SAR altimetry signals

In this study we present an analytical formulation of synthetic-aperture radar (SAR) altimetry signals including narrow banded nonlinear wave fields and conditional statistics between wave elevation displacements, horizontal wave slopes and vertical wave particle velocities. Considering the wave elevation displacements coskewness with respect to horizontal slopes leads to an analytical formulation of the electromagnetic bias within a SAR-mode altimeter stack. This formulation can be either parametrized by the significant wave height (SWH) and mean wave steepness, or in terms of the variance of vertical wave velocities. The effect of conditional vertical wave particle velocity variances with respect to the observed horizontal wave slopes close to nadir incidence angles leads to an effective reduction of the azimuth blurring of SAR-mode stacks. We present here a formulation of this effect by examining JONSWAP ocean wave spectra. In most cases this effect reduces the azimuth blurring by 10% to 30%. Additionally we investigate the effect of a nonlinear wave elevation displacement probability density function (PDF) on estimated geophysical parameters. We were able to show that including an elevation displacement skewness of 0.13 improves significantly the SWH consistency between altimetry and ECMWF Reanalysis v5 ERA5 results.All of these effects are validated with respect to ERA5 model data in the North East Atlantic region and in situ data located in the German Bight and Baltic Sea.The developed model can be used in both SAR and conventional altimetry retrackers.     

Impact of rain on wave retrieval from Sentinel-1 synthetic aperture radar images in tropical cyclones

The main objective of our work was to investigate the impact of rain on wave observations from C-band (~5.3 GHz) synthetic aperture radar (SAR) in tropical cyclones. In this study, 10 Sentinel-1 SAR images were available from the Satellite Hurricane Observation Campaign, which were taken under cyclonic conditions during the 2016 hurricane season. The third-generation wave model, known as Simulating WAves Nearshore (SWAN) (version 41.31), was used to simulate the wave fields corresponding to these Sentinel-1 SAR images. In addition, rainfall data from the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission satellite passing over the spatial coverage of the Sentinel-1 SAR images were collected. The simulated results were validated against significant wave heights (SWHs) from the Jason-2 altimeter and European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts data, revealing a root mean square error (RMSE) of ~0.5 m with a 0.25 scatter index. Winds retrieved from the VH-polarized Sentinel-1 SAR images using the Sentinel-1 Extra Wide-swath Mode Wind Speed Retrieval Model after Noise Removal were taken as prior information for wave retrieval. It was discovered that rain did indeed affect the SAR wave retrieval, as evidenced by the 3.21-m RMSE of SWHs between the SAR images and the SWAN model, which was obtained for the ~1000 match-ups with raindrops. The raindrops dampened the wave retrieval when the rain rate was < ~5 mm/hr; however, they enhanced wave retrieval for higher rain rates. It was also found that the portion of the rain-induced ring wave with a wave number > 0.05 rad/m (~125 m wavelength) was clearly observed in the SAR-derived wave spectra.     

Manifold structure preservative for hyperspectral target detection

A nonparametric method termed as manifold structure preservative (MSP) is proposed in this paper for hyperspectral target detection. MSP transforms the feature space of data to maximize the separation between target and background signals. Moreover, it minimizes the reconstruction error of targets and preserves the topological structure of data in the projected feature space. MSP does not need to consider any distribution for target and background data. So, it can achieve accurate results in real scenarios due to avoiding unreliable assumptions. The proposed MSP detector is compared to several popular detectors and the experiments on a synthetic data and two real hyperspectral images indicate the superior ability of it in target detection.     

考虑胶层蠕变行为的胶接结构有限元分析

本文考虑胶层材料的蠕变行为，采用模拟岩层纹理单元的有限元法，分析工程中使用的典型胶接结构的应力场和位移场。数值结果表明，胶层蠕变行为对胶接结构位移和应力场均有较大影响     

转变财政投资观念，促进经济发展

财政投资是政府运用国家财力调节宏观经济运行的重要手段，就如何重新确定财政投资范围，财政投资方式和财政投资产业的配置等方面进行了阐述。     

飞机超差结构疲劳寿命量化评定

依据美机实用手册介绍的疲劳寿命S-N方程,对超差结构疲劳寿命推导出了一个量化评定方程。并应用该方程对一些典型结构超差形式具体地进行了疲劳寿命量化评定。实践证明,用本文介绍的方法对超差结构疲劳寿命进行定量评定,不仅简捷明快,而且结果可靠。     

关于加大产业结构调整力度的思考

本文从我国产业结构调整的现状及存在的问题出发，针对一般加工产业生产能力过大，高水平的加工能力不足这一突出问题进行了原因分析，在此基础上，就我国加速优化产业结构的客观基础和可能，提出了关于加大产业结构调整力度的七点思考建议。     

Sc在L10-TiAl金属间化合物中占位的理论研究

基于密度泛函理论,运用第一原理赝势平面波方法,采用CASTEP量子力学能量软件包研究了Sc占据Ti位与Sc占据A l位的超胞晶格常数、原子形成热、超胞总态密度与电子密度差分图,两种情况对比下,在L10-TiA l合金中,Sc优先占据Ti位,这一结论为进一步研究三元系TiA l-Sc合金提供了理论研究的基础。     

地下建筑物结构裂缝控制

有效控制由于变形作用 (水化热、混凝土干缩和气温温差 )引起的结构裂缝 ,进而防止工程结构的裂漏通病 ,是一个普遍关注的技术难题。本文以广州市滨江东路隧道等工程为实例 ,从结构设计、结构与基础的共同作用、施工技术、材料优选、环境条件及信息化施工等方面 ,介绍有效控制地下结构裂缝的对策和措施     

子波变换在实验流体力学中的应用

介绍了子波分析的历史、基本知识以及在实验流体力学方面的应用。讨论了子波变换在客观辨识湍流边界层相干结构方面的应用。作者用子波变换的方法提出了确定湍流边界层相干结构挥发时间尺度的能量最大准则，提取了相干结构对应的速度信号波形。用于波变换研究了湍流边界层脉动速度信号的局部奇异性行为，发现相干结构发生处脉动速度信号的局部奇异性指数为负值。