Pro／Engineer中的圆角特征处理

本文从设计原理的角度结合作者的使用经验，分析了Pro／E中圆角特征的作用、构造方法及注意事项，以利于该特征在众多菜单中理清思路并正确构造圆角特征。     

Instability and unsteadiness of aircraft wake vortices

This paper presents a review of theoretical and experimental results on stability and other unsteady properties of aircraft wakes. The basic mechanisms responsible for the propagation and the amplification of perturbation along vortices, namely the Kelvin waves and the cooperative instabilities, are first detailed. These two generic unsteady mechanisms are described by considering asymptotic linear stability analysis of model flows such as vortex filaments or Lamb–Oseen vortices. Extension of the linear analysis to more representative flows, using a biglobal stability approach, is also described. Experimental results obtained using LDV, hot wire and PIV in wind tunnels are presented and they are commented upon the light of theory.     

修正曲率及雷诺正应力对分离流的影响

应用Ｓｔｒａｗｎ＆．Ｋｌｉｎｅ的准同时粘性／无粘流匹配模型，于动量积分布方程中加入了曲率和雷诺正应力两个二阶修正项，计算了二维不可压湍流附面层分离流地。文中首先分析推导了新的曲率修正公式，给出了两个算例，比较了修正项对计算结果的影响，并与实验做了对比。     

涡流阀几何参数对固体发动机推力调节特性的影响

为了获得涡流阀参数对发动机推力调节性能的影响规律,针对涡流阀的加注方式以及几何结构,利用建立的基于涡流阀方案的固体火箭发动机推力可调实验系统开展了实验研究。通过实验结果的分析,得到了加注环孔径、涡流室高度和直径以及中心进气面积的不同对涡流阀调节性能的影响规律。结果表明:适当降低涡流室的高度、较大的中心进气面积、较大的涡流室直径有利于提高涡流阀的调节性能。因此,可以通过对涡流阀结构的优化设计来提高发动机的推力调节性能。     

Flow mechanism between purge flow and mainstream in different turbine rim seal configurations

The rim seal is used to prevent mainstream ingestion to the gap between the vane of a turbine and its blade. In this article, the dolphin lip with a hook configuration and a large seal cavity with hook structures are designed based on the high-pressure turbine datum single shark lip rim seal configuration. The sealing effect and parameters of the flow field are measured by an experiment method and a numerical simulation is used to explain the mechanism. For three configurations, the effect of the leakage slot vortex on the efficiency of the seal and the influence of leakage vortex, generated by the interaction between purge flow and mainstream flow, are discussed in depth. The result shows that the reverse vortex formed by the dolphin lip rim seal with hook structure will increase the sealing efficiency. The seal configuration with a large cavity improves sealing efficiency to a greater extent than the datum structure. At different purge flow rates and with unequal seal structures, the purge flow produces three types of leakage vortices in the passage. Besides, the seal configuration with dolphin lip produces a Kelvin-Helmholtz instability at the interface of the purge and the mainstream flows at a low purge flow rate to induce new leakage vortex branches in the passage of the blade.     

Dynamic modeling and analysis of vortex filament motion using a novel curve-fitting method

Applications of a novel curve-fitting technique are presented to efficiently predict the motion of the vortex filament, which is trailed from a rigid body such as wings and rotors. The governing equations of the motion, when a Lagrangian approach with the present curve-fitting method is applied, can be transformed into an easily solvable form of the system of nonlinear ordinary differential equations. The applicability of Be′zier curves, B-spline, and Lagrange interpolating polynomials is investigated. Local Lagrange interpolating polynomials with a shift operator are proposed as the best selection for applications, since it provides superior system characteristics with minimum computing time, compared to other methods. In addition, the Gauss quadrature formula with local refinement strategy has been developed for an accurate prediction of the induced velocity computed with the line integration of the Biot–Savart law. Rotary-wing problems including a vortex ring problem are analyzed to show the efficiency, accuracy, and flexibility in the applications of the proposed method.     

双层壳型涡轮叶片中冲击旋流换热增益效果试验

以双层壳型涡轮叶片内冷通道中旋流换热特性为研究对象,采用热膜法,对双层壳型冷却结构中的狭小受限通道中,旋流作用下换热特性的变化规律开展了细致的试验研究。重点分析了冷却空气的旋流作用对换热的强化增益效果。试验中通过改变冲击Re数(10 000～20 000),冲击间距和冲击孔直径之比H/D(0.35～1.7)等参数,研究了其对旋流的形成及内表面局部换热系数的影响规律。研究发现:由于双层壳型叶片内冷通道的空间受限,冷却空气在通道内形成了旋流结构,该旋流结构显著影响了内表面的局部换热系数并可以有效提高换热效果。研究结果表明:内表面局部换热系数对冲击间距和冲击孔直径之比H/D最为敏感,对于不同冲击Re数,存在一个最佳的H/D使得旋流换热增益效果达到最大(Re=10 000时,最佳H/D为0.95;Re=15 000,20 000,最佳H/D=0.63)。     

小冲击间距下带倾角冲击凹柱面流场结构实验研究

针对带倾角冲击凹柱面靶板的流动特性和流场结构研究,采用烟线法开展了流场显现实验研究,重点分析了旋流产生和发展的规律。试验中通过改变冲击雷诺数、冲击间距比(冲击间距和冲击孔直径之比)、冲击角度以及凹柱面相对曲率等参数,分析了涡出现的位置、结构等随这些参数的变化规律。研究结果表明:由于冲击射流同周围静止空气之间的粘性作用、气体在凹柱面上运动、脱离的共同作用下,带倾角冲击凹柱面靶板产生了不同的旋流结构。实验中,随冲击雷诺数的增加,在冲击滞止区域两侧流体冲击靶板分离处的圆心角增大,分离推迟;由于冲击角度的影响,相对冲击角度较小侧射流与壁面分离比在较大侧提前,且在相对冲击角度较小侧更容易产生旋流结构。实验中改变的参数均影响了旋流结构及其发展特性,并且影响规律表现出较强的关联性。     

压气机不同状态下转子出口三维紊流流场

用单斜热丝、圆柱单孔高频压力探针等手段,详细测量了单级压气机转子出口的三维紊流流场,揭示压气机在不同流量状态下转子出口的流动结构和紊流特性。      

紊流发生器特性和流场的模拟调节

本文探讨了轴对称紊流发生器总压畸变流场的不稳定性,根据流场低压区的时钟位置和大小是否随时间而变化,可分为稳定型和非稳定型两种.对于稳定场,畸变指数测量的重复性较好,非稳定场则较差.文中还介绍了一种简单而有效的流场模拟调节方法.