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《Advances in Space Research (includes Cospar's Information Bulletin, Space Research Today)》2020,65(7):1789-1802
Urban heat island (UHI) is emerged as a ubiquitous phenomenon that affects the outdoor thermal comfort. Hence urban microclimatic studies using numeric simulation software to find out adaption strategies are attracting the great attention of researchers and policymaker. Number of scientists carried out their research on this topic using different tools and technique whereas ENVI-met model is the most widely used simulation tools. The present study intended to examine the implication of green infrastructure of the town on enhanced microclimatic condition and to evaluate the best suitable mitigation strategy modelling cool city with ENVI-met software (V4). Five greening condition such as existing UHI condition (C1), 100% greening of roof (C2), 100% greening of roof and walls (C3), 50% greening of roof and walls (C4) and: Plantation at suitable area with 50% greening of roof and walls (C5) have been taken into consideration for the microclimate simulation for all three selected sites. Among these five conditions, C3 for the open mid-rise and compact low-rise, C5 for the open low-rise are identified as one of the most suitable strategies which can reduce the air temperature of peak hours by 2.6 °C, 1.33 °C and 1.87 °C respectively. These models are validated by simple linear regression between simulated and existing air temperature in case of existing UHI condition (C1) and in all the cases coefficient of determination value is high such as for open mid-rise, compact low-rise and open low-rise, it is 0.92, 0.92 and 0.75 respectively. Therefore it can be concluded that the application of those strategies can improve the urban thermal environment as well as the outdoor thermal comfort of English bazaar Town and its surroundings. 相似文献
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卫星VLBI观测时延和相位条纹旋转模型研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
空间卫星在绕地球或月球等星体运行时,为了跟踪和控制卫星就要时刻掌握其在空间的位置和运动状态.但由于地球的自转和公转使得卫星和地球之间的相对运动描述关系变得复杂,目标卫星相对地球任意两个观测站的时间差(时延)和多普勒频移(相关条纹旋转)时刻都在改变.VLBI相关处理机是卫星观测和空间探测极为重要的技术手段,其原理以FX和XF两种相关模型处理观测数据.以FX相关模型为基础修正VLBI观测数据的时延补偿和相关条纹旋转的模型,提出对称“1/n Multiplier”时延补偿模型和条纹旋转模型,并且对实际观测数据进行操作和详细分析,对相关相位谱的剩余时延变化趋势和方差分布进行分析,从中找出优选时延补偿和条纹旋转模型.对于精确描述卫星轨道运动状态提供更准确的方法. 相似文献
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Javed Mallick Atiqur Rahman Chander Kumar Singh 《Advances in Space Research (includes Cospar's Information Bulletin, Space Research Today)》2013
The present study is an assessment and identification of urban heat island (UHI) in the environment of one of the fastest urbanizing city of India, Delhi Metropolis, employing satellite image of ASTER and Landsat 7 ETM+ in the thermal infrared region 3–14 μm. Temporal (2001 and 2005) ASTER datasets were used to analyze the spatial structure of the thermal urban environment subsequently urban heat island (UHI) in relation to the urban surface characteristics and land use/land cover (LULC). The study involves derivation of parameters governing the surface heat fluxes, constructing statistics of ASTER thermal infrared images along with validation through intensive in situ measurements. The average images reveal spatial and temporal variations of land surface temperature (LST) of night-time and distinct microclimatic patterns. Central Business District (CBD) of Delhi, (Connaught Place, a high density built up area), and commercial/industrial areas display heat islands condition with a temperature greater than 4 °C compared to the suburbs. The small increase in surface temperature at city level is mainly attributed to cumulative impact of human activities, changes in LULC pattern and vegetation density. In this study the methodology takes into account spatially-relative surface temperatures and impervious surface fraction value to measure surface UHI intensity between the urban land cover and rural surroundings. Both the spatial and temporal variation in surface temperature associated with impervious surface area (ISA) has been evaluated to assess the effect of urbanization on the local climate. 相似文献
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覃湘波 《西安航空技术高等专科学校学报》2010,28(1)
随着社会现代化进程的加快,人们对水域空间的景观和休闲娱乐功能的要求也不断提高,论述了浐灞半岛迎水面景观建设的总体需求,要把握的基本原则和景观设计要注意的事项,以期改善水域空间景观,为居民提供安全舒适的休闲娱乐空间,进而提升地区形象,美化地区环境。 相似文献
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Urban growth and population dynamics are among the most critical information needed for future economic development planning, natural resources allocation and environmental management. In the present work, two methods, the first based on night-time images produced by NOAA and population maps provided by Oak Ridge National Laboratory's (ORNL) LandScan, and the second one on SAR imagery, were used in order to assess the expansion of urban areas surrounding the Winam Gulf (Lake Victoria, Kenya) at different scales. In the time covered by night-time lights imagery, the study highlighted a period of constant growth rate between 2002 and 2006 and a negative trend after 2006 and 2008. This decrease may be related to two main events occurring in the study area between 2006 and 2007: the decline of the Lake Victoria level and the abnormal proliferation of the floating weeds within the Winam Gulf. Meanwhile, the urban feature extraction obtained at a different scale within a particular district from 1997 up to 2008 results in a constant growth rate. Population movements around this zone explain different dynamics that should be studied in detail in order to understand their particular roots. 相似文献
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Songtao Han Axel Nothnagel Zhongkai Zhang Rüdiger Haas Qiang Zhang 《Advances in Space Research (includes Cospar's Information Bulletin, Space Research Today)》2019,63(5):1754-1767
Extracting the group and phase delays of interferometric observations produced in the Very Long Baseline Interferometry (VLBI) measurement concept requires a special fringe fitting and delay search algorithm for the recorded bandwidth. While fringe fitting is in use routinely for several megahertz wide channels in geodetic and astrometric VLBI with quasar observations, fringe fitting for artificial tones of very small bandwidth of artificial signals for Differential One-way Ranging (DOR) requires a different way of handling. In a project called Observing the Chang’E-3 Lander with VLBI (OCEL), the DOR tones emitted by the Chang’E-3 lander were observed in a standard geodetic VLBI mode with 8 or 4?MHz wide channels to maintain compatibility with the corresponding quasar observations. For these observations, we modified the existing fringe fitting program of the Haystack Observatory Processing Software (HOPS), fourfit, to properly handle narrow band DOR tones. The main motivations are that through this modification, the data of quasars and artificial radio sources can be processed in the existing geodetic analysis pipeline, and that the algorithm can be used for similar projects as well. In this paper, we describe the algorithm and show that the new algorithm produces much more reliable group delay results than using the standard fourfit algorithm. This is done by a simulation test and in particular by processing of real observations. It is shown that in many cases, systematic deviations of several nanoseconds, which are seen with the standard fourfit algorithm, can be avoided. The ultimate benefit of the new procedure is demonstrated by reducing the errors in delay triangle closures by at least a factor of 3, which, in the OCEL case, is from ~300 to ~100?ps. 相似文献
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西部城市住宅开发与可持续发展战略研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
尚宇梅 《西安航空技术高等专科学校学报》2005,23(2):27-29
目前的城市开发,各地政府只顾近期效益,大搞政绩工程,各市不断地采用“模仿”、“克隆”的方式,使“千城一面”,使城市原有风格特征逐渐褪去。西部城市住宅开发决不能以牺牲生态环境为代价谋取经济的短期增长,而必须走“环境”与“经济”双赢的可持续发展道路。城市住宅开发必须符合地域特点,遵循地理的差异性,要有鲜明的个性特征;开发建设时使用环保、节能建筑材料,推进资源回收与开发的应用力度;必须尊重历史,保护文物、古迹,建设特色城市。 相似文献